To mitigate the spread of a viral disease, it is crucial to understand factors that influence airborne virus transmission. However, micro-environment which exposed in expiratory aerosol particles highly complex. The relative humidity, particle size and composition, air composition affect infectivity by modulating salt organic concentrations within particle, as well phase state. A parameter has ...

Effective inactivation of biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) pathogens is vital in order to study these agents safely. Gamma irradiation is a commonly used method for the inactivation of BSL-4 viruses, which among other advantages, facilitates the study of inactivated yet morphologically intact virions. The reported values for susceptibility of viruses to inactivation by gamma irradiation are sometimes ...

During the course of our studies on the effect of polyanions upon the viability of bacteriophage T2 (1, 2), we noticed that the ability of specific antiserum to neutralize this virus can be blocked by a small amount of anionic polyelectrolyte. It is well established that complementary structure plays a role in the specific fit of antigen and antibody in the complex, and it is thought currently ...

Tissue phosphatases which are present in virus suspensions were found to contribute in considerable measure to the inactivation of herpes simplex virus. Phosphatase inhibitors and phosphatase substrates have been found to prolong the survival of the virus. Exogenous phosphatases, both acid and alkaline, have been demonstrated to bring about the loss of infectivity of suspensions of this virus.

Fluorescent brighteners increase insect viral activity and provide protection against UV inactivation. The relative amount of viral UV protection has not previously been determined due to the dual nature of these compounds. In this study, two distinct viral–host systems, a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) infecting its homologous host and a nuclear polyhedrosis vi...

Interest in the pathogenesis, detection, and prevention of viral infections has increased broadly many fields research over past year. The development water treatment technology to combat infection by inactivation or disinfection might play a key role places where drinking sources are biologically contaminated. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) antimicrobial antifouling surface effects mainly becaus...

RNA-containing viruses represent a global threat to the health and wellbeing of humans and animals. Hence, the discovery of new approaches for the design of novel vaccines and antiviral compounds attains high attention. Here we describe the potential of artificial ribonucleases (aRNases), low molecular weight compounds capable to cleave phosphodiester bonds in RNA under mild conditions, to act ...

During the course of our studies on the effect of polyanions upon the viability of bacteriophage T2 (1, 2), we noticed that the ability of specific antiserum to neutralize this virus can be blocked by a small amount of anionic polyelectrolyte. It is well established that complementary structure plays a role in the specific fit of antigen and antibody in the complex, and it is thought currently ...

This review quantitatively examines a number of published studies that evaluated survival and inactivation of public-health-related microorganisms in groundwater. Information from reviewed literature is used to express microbial inactivation in terms of log10 decline per day for comparison to other studies and organisms. The geometric mean value for inactivation rates for coliphage, poliovirus,...

It has long been established that UVC light is a very effective method for inactivating pathogens in a fluid, yet the application of UVC irradiation to modern biotechnological processes is limited by the intrinsic short penetration distance of UVC light in optically dense protein solutions. This experimental and numerical study establishes that irradiating a fluid flowing continuously in a micr...