The dynamic wind loads are considered in terms of equivalent static wind load based on gusteffect factor in most of the current design practices. In ASCE 7-05, the equivalent static wind load is based on the gust-effect factor f G which corresponds with the displacement at the highest point of the structure for flexible or dynamically sensitive structures. Gust-effect factors are calculated dir...

Surface modification of 1,4-polybutadiene and cis-1,4-polyisoprene to introduce polar functional groups provided surfaces that reconstructed reversibly against water as a function of temperature. These surfaces became hydrophobic in contact with hot water, but their original hydrophilicity returned upon equilibration against cold water. Repeated cycling between hot and cold water, however, led ...

background: one area of nanoscience deals with nanoscopic interactions between nanostructured materials and biological systems. to elucidate the effects of the substrate surface morphology and viscoelasticity on cell proliferation, fractal analysis was performed on endothelial cells cultured on nanocomposite samples based on silicone rubber (sr) and various concentrations of organomodified nano...

Amodel for torsional vibration of slender thin-walled tubes with constrained-layer dampers is developed. Assuming that the deformation obeys the Saint-Venant hypotheses, we develop a model suitable for prediction of the complex stiffness per unit length in closed, thin-walled tubes whose walls consist of laminated elastic and viscoelastic layers, and formulate a boundary-value problem for the w...

The on-line or adaptive identification of parameters in abstract linear and nonlinear infinite-dimensional dynamical systems is considered. An estimator in the form of an infinitedimensional linear evolution system having the state and parameter estimates as its states is defined. Convergence of the state estimator is established via a Lyapunov estimate. The finite-dimensional notion of a plant...

The method of resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy (RUS) was evaluated for bovine bone and compared with the traditional wave transmission ultrasound method. In RUS, the resonance structure of a cubic or rectangular specimen is scanned. For some low-damping materials, a single measurement yields sufficient resonant frequencies to determine all of the anisotropic elastic constants. Bone has a high v...