We examined relations between cellular currents activated near firing threshold and the initiation of action potentials by excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in CA1 pyramidal cells in vitro. Small voltage steps elicited sequences of inward-outward currents at hyperpolarized potentials, but evoked largely inward currents at near threshold potentials. Similarly small EPSP-like waveforms i...

The current-voltage relation for the surface layer of an iron wire immersed in nitric acid was investigated by the voltage clamp technique. Comparing the phase of nitric acid to the axoplasm and the metallic phase to the external fluid medium for the nerve fiber, a striking analogy was found between the voltage clamp behavior of the iron-nitric acid system and that of the nerve membrane. The cu...

Hyperpolarization-activated inward currents (I(h)) contribute to neuronal excitability in sensory neurons. Four subtypes of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels generate I(h), with different activation kinetics and cAMP sensitivities. The aim of the present study was to examine the postnatal development of I(h) and HCN channel subunits in trigeminal ganglion (TG) n...

To address the throughput restrictions of classical patch clamp electrophysiology, Essen Instruments has developed a platebased electrophysiology measurement platform. The instrument is an integrated platform that consists of computer-controlled fluid handling, recording electronics, and processing tools capable of voltage clamp whole-cell recordings from thousands of individual cells per day. ...

Starzak and Starzak (1978. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 25:201-204.) proposed that, in cyclic application of current and voltage-clamps, the fidelity of the match of the output current with the original stimulus could be used to measure the spatial uniformity of voltage in a membrane. However, they failed to find such a match in experiments on either squid axons or an electronic model of a membrane...

The purpose of this research is to investigate the critical period of voltage-gated Na(+) channel development in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Changes of Na(+) currents in acutely isolated hippocampal CA1 neurons of rats at different ages (0-4 weeks after birth) were recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The results indicated that the maximum current density of Na(+) channels was incr...

1. Dendritic patch-clamp recordings were obtained from mitral cells in rat olfactory bulb slices, up to 350 microns from the soma. Simultaneous dendritic and somatic whole-cell recordings indicated that action potentials (APs) evoked by somatic or dendritic current injection were initiated near the soma. Both the large amplitude (100.7 +/- 1.1 mV) and the short duration (1.38 +/- 0.07 ms) of th...

The possibility that adenosine modulates voltage-dependent conductances in locus coeruleus neurons was investigated in current-clamp and voltage-clamp experiments in a totally submerged rat brain slice preparation. Adenosine (100 microM) reduced the duration of control action potentials and action potentials prolonged by 1 mM barium. Adenosine (100 microM) also reduced the amplitude and slightl...

To address the throughput restrictions of classical patch clamp electrophysiology, Essen Instruments has developed a plate-based electrophysiology measurement platform. The instrument is an integrated platform that consists of computer-controlled fluid handling, recording electronics, and processing tools capable of voltage clamp whole-cell recordings from thousands of individual cells per day....

Abstract—In this paper, a high-conversion-ratio bidirectional dc–dc converter with coupled inductor is proposed. In the boost mode, two capacitors are parallel charged and series discharged by the coupled inductor. Thus, high step-up voltage gain can be achieved with an appropriate duty ratio. The voltage stress on the main switch is reduced by a passive clamp circuit. Therefore, the low resist...