This paper undertakes the problem of loss reduction in a radial distribution System. The objective is to determine the suitable size and location of the capacitors to be placed on a radial distribution system. The objective function is to increase of saving due to reduction of energy losses thereby taking into consideration cost of capacitor. In this part, load flow solution for the radial feed...

Conventionally, BLDC motors are commutated in six-step pattern with commutation controlled by position sensors. To reduce cost and complexity of the drive system, sensorless drive is preferred. The existing sensorless control scheme with the conventional back EMF sensing based on motor neutral voltage for BLDC has certain drawbacks, which limit its applications. This paper presents the dynamic ...

Micro-grid (MG) is a grid formed by renewable sources. MG is a small scale network of low voltage also the renewable sources are distributed energy resources (DER). A MG gives clean energy. MG can have two operational modes, the islanded mode and grid connected mode. This paper reviews the optimal energy management for a MG under various constraints. The authors aims to optimize fuel cost, mana...

Distributed Generations (DGs) are utilized to supply the active and reactive power in the transmission and distribution systems. These types of power sources have many benefits such as power quality enhancement, voltage deviation reduction, power loss reduction, load shedding reduction, reliability improvement, etc. In order to reach the above benefits, the optimal placement and sizing of DG is...

Atomic-scale spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy results on the manganese nitride Mn3N2 (010) surface are presented. The images show the row-wise antiferromagnetic structure of the surface. It is shown that the bias voltage between tip and sample affects both the magnetic and non-magnetic components of the height profile. In particular, a reversal of the magnetic contrast is shown to o...

An Active Robust Optimisation Problem (AROP) aims at finding robust adaptable solutions, i.e. solutions that actively gain robustness to environmental changes through adaptation. Existing AROP studies have considered only a single performance objective. This study extends the Active Robust Optimisation methodology to deal with problems with more than one objective. Once multiple objectives are ...

This paper investigates the effect of simultaneous placement of DGs and smart meters (SMs), on voltage profile improvement in active distribution networks (ADNs). A substantial center of attention has recently been on responsive loads initiated in power system problem studies such as distributed generations (DGs). Existence of responsive loads in active distribution networks (ADNs) would have u...

The application of a stationary ultra-capacitor energy storage system (ESS) in urban rail transit allows for the recuperation of vehicle braking energy for increasing energy savings as well as for a better vehicle voltage profile. This paper aims to obtain the best energy savings and voltage profile by optimizing the location and size of ultra-capacitors. This paper firstly raises the optimizat...

The power industry experiences revolution known as "Power Industry Structure Renewal" mainly due to increasing progresses in science and technology which will result in a gradual change in methods of communication with energy tools. Part of the revolution is the application of small generation units in power generation; units with lower generation volume capacity, and cost compared to the enorm...