background: in helical tomotherapy (ht), the scaling factor (sf) is the time in seconds that each leaf viewing a target would need to be open to deliver the prescribed dose. the sf is patient-specific and is used to calculate the rotational period of the gantry, and the total treatment time (ttt) of the ht. the sf is generally difficult to estimate. currently, it takes about one hour to fully o...

Stop-&-Go waves also known as traffic oscillations are the conditions characterized by sudden braking followed by acceleration. This leads to an increase in fuel consumption, CO2 emissions, safety risks increased heart rate and blood pressure level of drivers. It causes discomfort, delays and frustration to the driver thus making them to avoid travelling in such conditions. This paper will test...

This paper aims to introduce a new modelling approach that represents departure time, destination and travel mode choice under a unified framework. Through it, it is possible to overcome shortages of the traditional 4-step model associated with the lack of introducing actual travellers’ behaviours. This objective can be achieved through adopting discrete 3-level Nested Logit model that represen...

introduction: the selection of   optimal treatment of obstructive nephrouropathy requires information about the functional status of each kidney. nuclear renal scanning objectively measure differential renal function, multiple studies have demonstrated the role of assessment of renal perfusion and gfr with triphasic ct. the aim of this study is to assess the role of ct based on renal parenchyma...

Travel writing is an interdisciplinary genre that, in recent times, has become an important area of study. Closely linked to issues of imperialism, diaspora, multiculturalism, nationalism, identity, gender, globalization, colonialism and postcolonialism, it brings into play ideas of transculturation, the idea of the centre and the margin, border crossings, hybridity, location and displacement. ...

Are humans alone in their ability to reminisce about the past and imagine the future? Recent evidence suggests that food-storing birds (scrub jays) have access to information about what they have stored where and when. This has raised the possibility of mental time travel (MTT) in animals and sparked similar research with other species. Here we caution that such data do not provide convincing e...

T IME travel, I maintain, is possible. The paradoxes of time travel are oddities, not impossibilities. They prove only this much, which few would have doubted: that a possible world where time travel took place would be a most strange world, different in fundamental ways from the world we think is ours. I shall be concerned here with the sort of time travel that is recounted in science fiction....

This paper argues that the most famous objection to backward time travel can carry no weight. In its classic form, the objection is that backward time travel entails the occurrence of impossible things, such as auto-infanticide—and hence is itself impossible. David Lewis has rebutted the classic version of the objection: auto-infanticide is prevented by coincidences, such as time travellers sli...