BACKGROUND The war in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo has been the subject of numerous studies related to the problem of sexual violence. Historically, such violence is known to be part of strategic war plans to conquer and destroy communities, but it is now unfortunately prevalent in times of relative calm. METHODS We describe the characteristics and consequences of sexual violence in I...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an increasingly recognized and theoretically preventable condition. In fact PTSD is a mental disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to a traumatic event or threats, such as war and traffic crashes. Symptoms may include distressing thoughts and increased arousal. These signs last for more than one month after the event. People with PTSD are a...

War rape is a phenomenon that occurs in almost every armed conflict. The circle of victims includes not only the persons directly affected by this crime, but also their next kin. Unwanted pregnancies as result wartime children who, from moment they are born, treated inferior persons. Apart marginal cases, internal laws individual states do grant them any protection or compensation. For some tim...

As part of a larger research program on media coverage and representation the conflicts in Balkans, we examine humanizing visualizations armed conflict. The study focuses, particular, photojournalistic accounts humanitarian crisis Kosovo at 25th anniversary war. Drawing, Ariella Aïsha Azoulay’s (2008) concept civil contract photography, this analyses how victims catastrophes are represented wha...

The paper at hand attempts to interpret a female war journalist’s, the protagonist’s, Sarah Goodwin’s, decision return zones after surviving near-death experience in Time Stands Still, by Donald Margulies, (2010). play starts with protagonist’s strong assertion that she is endangering her life working different just help victims of wars showing world pictures their suffering. After deadly road-...

In this paper, I analyze two methods of reading archives: ‘against the grain’ and ‘along grain’. First one focuses mainly on revealing what is marginalized omitted in archive’s dominant narration. The other carefully studies logic an archive itself. As such, against grain allows to reveal victims’ forgotten stories, while along helps understand perpetrators’ perspective that may further lead be...

BACKGROUND Along with primary traumatization, wives of PTSD-diagnosed war veterans often become victims of the altered and dysfunctional state of their partners, which adds to the severity of symptoms of primary traumatization and furthers the development of other mental disorders. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of primary and secondary traumatization in wives of PTSD-diagnose...

Just months after Aff an Hamakhan Jafar graduated from medical college at the University of Mosul, Iraq, in 1985, his career took a sharp turn in an utterly unexpected direction. After fi nishing his internship in Mosul, Jafar had planned to go to Europe for postgraduate work, then perhaps to work as a general practitioner in Kurdistan, the northern Iraqi region where he was born. Instead, in l...