Several shrimp species from the clade Penaeidae are farmed industrially for human consumption, and this farming has turned shrimp into the largest seafood commodity in the world. The species that are in demand for farming are an anomaly within their clade because they grow to much larger sizes than other members of Penaeidae. Here we trace the evolutionary history of the anomalous farmed shrimp...

The salmon louse is a highly abundant ectoparasitic copepod of salmonids in the North Pacific and Atlantic. Widespread and rapid development of resistance to chemical agents used to delouse salmonids on marine farms is now threatening the continued development of the aquaculture industry and have served as a potent catalyst for the development of alternative pest management strategies. These in...

In this paper, the nutrient distribution, its structural characteristic and controlling mechanism around the Changjiang River estuary during Autumn 1997 and Spring 1998 were discussed, and a clear seasonal variation of nutrient distribution and structure was observed in this area. The concentrations of NO3(-)-N, SiO3(2-)-Si, PO4(3-)-P, DOP, PP and TP in Autumn 1997 were higher than those in Spr...

Numerical experiments with a coupled model have been carried out to test the heat-pump hypothesis for ENSO. The hypothesis states that the level of ENSO activity is controlled by the meridional differential surface heating over the Pacific: either an enhanced surface heating over the equatorial region or an enhanced cooling over the subtropical/extratropical ocean may result in a regime with st...

The primary function of the nose is to warm and humidify air. We have previously shown that raising nasal mucosal temperature by immersing feet in warm water increases the amount of water evaporated by the nose as air passes through it (nasal conditioning capacity; Abbott D, Baroody F, Naureckas E, and Naclerio R. Am J Rhinol 15: 41-45, 2001). To investigate further the effect of nasal mucosal ...

A simple objective test of innervation and regeneration of sensory nerves in the hand by immersion in warm water is described. The test results are shown to correpond to operation findings.

The effects of temperature and surfactant on the shape candle droplets that solidify at air-water interfaces were investigated. In pure water, triangular or quadrangular shaped formed when was ≤6 °C round observed ≥10 °C. SDS/water solutions ≥ 0.5 mM, oval concave bowl-shaped formation mechanisms different shapes explored discussed.

Economically optimal operational changes and adaptations for California’s water supply system are examined for a dry form of climate warming (GFDL CM2.1 A2) with year 2050 water demands and land use. Economically adaptive water management for this climate scenario is compared to a similar scenario with the historical climate. The effects of population growth and land use alone are developed for...

A significant fraction of the total oceanic kinetic energy in the southern and western Weddell Sea is supplied by tidal currents [Robertson et al., 1998: denoted “RPE-98”]. The region of strong tides includes the ocean cavity under the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelves (FRIS), and the adjacent broad southern continental shelf and upper slope. The spatial distribution of tidal energy was estimated usin...

Radix Astragali (RA) with slight sweet and warm property is a significant "qi tonifying" herb; it is indicated for the syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency (DSSD). The purpose of this research was to explore effects of RA and its split components on gene expression profiles related to water metabolism in rats with the DSSD syndrome for identifying components representing prop...