Within the literature, capillary barriers have been suggested as an alternative hydraulic barrier in cover liners for waste dumps. When a waste dump reaches its full capacity, cover liners are usually constructed over the waste mound to seal the waste from the surrounding environment. One main function of a cover liner is to prevent substantial amounts of water infiltrating into the waste mater...

Waste stabilization ponds (WSP) have been used world-wide over the last 50 years for municipal and industrial wastewater. The waste water treatment system has been accepted and used to change the physical, chemical, or biological character of the waste. This article presents the characteristics, parameters, and examples of the waste stabilization ponds all over the world. This work was based on...

Payments for ecosystem services (PES) policies compensate individuals or communities for undertaking actions that increase the provision of ecosystem services such as water purification, flood mitigation, or carbon sequestration. PES schemes rely on incentives to induce behavioral change and can thus be considered part of the broader class of incentive- or market-based mechanisms for environmen...

background: contamination of water by toxic chemicals has become commonly recognized as an environmental concern. based on our clinical observation in mashhad, northeastern iran, many people might be at risk of exposure to high concentrations of toxic heavy metals in water. because wastewater effluents as well as water wells have been commonly used for irrigation over the past decades, there ha...

An excess level of heavy metals are exposed into environment by industrial waste and fertilizers causes serious concern in nature as they are nonbiodegradable and accumulate at high levels. Heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cd, As etc. are one of the most toxic pollutants which show hazardous effects on all living livings. The prevailing purification technologies used for removal of contaminants fro...

T he word ecology comes from the Greek oikos, which means " house " , and was coined by the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel in 1870. It is, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the " branch of biology that deals with organisms' relations to one another and to the physical environment in which they live. " Examples of such relations are predator prey interactions and plants competing for r...

The development of the leather industry in the Aojiang watershed of Zhejiang province increased the release of waste water. In the waste water, ammonium nitrogen (NH(+) (4)-N) and germanium (Ge) are the main pollutants. In recent years, literature has documented that the intake of high concentrations of NH(+) (4)-N and Ge harms human health and biological species. This paper focuses on assessin...

The volume of e-waste is growing around the world, and, increasingly, it is being disposed of by export from developed to developing countries. This is the situation in Ghana, and, in this paper we address the potential consequences of such e-waste disposal. Herein, we describe how e-waste is processed in Ghana, and what the fate is of e-waste-chemical contaminants during recycling and storage....

This whitepaper describes a highly scalable fluidic technology that presents a transformative approach to the practice of conventional water treatment. Features include: a high throughput, purely fluidic, continuous flow, membrane-less, size selective method for particulate extraction; and accelerated agglomeration kinetics from mixing and transporting chemicals and raw water in confined channe...

The processes of self-purification nature due to the high concentration xenobiotics and resistance decomposition are very slow. Therefore, an urgent environmental task is restore environment: rational processing industrial agricultural waste, restoration land fertility from toxic chemicals, disposal sludge sewage treatment plants, purification water sources, etc. Among above problems production...