[1] The speed of tsunami waves is typically calculated using the shallow-water approximation over a rigid-body Earth. Recent comparisons of tsunami arrival times from the 11 March 2011 tsunami suggest, however, that the standard formulation has errors around the 1% level, and it has been suggested that the elasticity of the Earth can explain the discrepancy. While previous work has indeed shown...

The search for exoplanets includes the promise to eventually find and identify habitable worlds. The thousands of known exoplanets and planet candidates are extremely diverse in terms of their masses or sizes, orbits, and host star type. The diversity extends to new kinds of planets, which are very common yet have no solar system counterparts. Even with the requirement that a planet's surface t...

New independent constraints on the amount of water delivered to Earth by comets are derived using the N/N isotopic ratio, measured to be roughly twice as high in cometary CN and HCN as in the present Earth. Under reasonable assumptions, we find that no more than a few percent of Earth’s water can be attributed to comets, in agreement with the constraints derived from D/H. Our results also sugge...

Deep seawater is a valuable renewable resource. Due to its outstanding characteristics (i.e., clean, nutrient-rich and cold), deep seawater has been utilized in various subjects, such as mariculture, agriculture, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, medical, and renewable energy. As a result, deep seawater utilization cannot be separated from membrane technologies. Reverse osmosis has become the ...

Background: It is a common myth that the direction of rotation of bath water as it drains down a plughole is determined by the rotation of the Earth – in particular the hemisphere in which it is performed. Careful experiments have been performed to confirm that the rotation of the Earth has only a miniscule effect on the motion (Shapiro, 1962; Trefethen et al, 1965) and it can also be demonstra...

water is a unique natural resource among all sources available on earth. it plays an important role in economic development and the general well-being of the country. this study aimed at using the application of water quality index in evaluating the ground water quality innorth-east area of jaipur in pre and post monsoon for public usage. total eleven physico–chemical characteristics; total dis...

Life on Earth can be traced back to as far as 3.8 billion years (Ga) ago. The catastrophic meteoritic bombardment ended between 4.2 and 3.9 Ga ago. Therefore, if life emerged, and we know it did, it must have emerged from nothingness in less than 400 million years. The most recent scenarios of Earth accretion predict some very unstable physico-chemical conditions at the surface of Earth, which,...

MWR The mission The Microwave Radiometer (MWR) is a twochannel passive radiometer operating at 23.8 and 36.5 GHz based on the Dicke principle. By receiving and analysing the Earth-generated and Earth-reflected radiation at these two frequencies, the instrument will measure the amount of water vapour and liquid water in the atmosphere, within a 20 km-diameter field of view immediately beneath En...

Icy bodies may have delivered the oceans to the early Earth, yet little is known about water in the ice-dominated regions of extrasolar planet-forming disks. The Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared on board the Herschel Space Observatory has detected emission lines from both spin isomers of cold water vapor from the disk around the young star TW Hydrae. This water vapor likely originates...