Small water enterprises (SWEs) have lower capital expenditures than centralized systems, offering decentralized solutions for rural markets. This study evaluated SWEs in rural Rwanda, where nine health care facilities (HCF) owned and operated water kiosks supplying water from onsite water treatment systems (WTS). SWEs were monitored for 12 months. Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient (rs) wa...

The rapid urbanization facing developing countries is increasing pressure on public institutions to provide adequate supplies of clean water to populations. In most developing countries, the general public is not involved in strategies and policies regarding enhancement, conservation, and management of water supply systems. To assist governments and decision makers in providing potable water to...

An exponential increase in the global population has seriously put pressure on land and water resources. It is projected that 33% of worldwide people will be highly water-stressed by 2050s if effective strategies are not developed. The study assessed urban domestic demand supply Edo North senatorial district State, Nigeria. This with view exploring some critical resource variables to determine ...

This paper determines the application of a model predictive control (MPC) technique to improve the behavior of the water network supply system, to maintain stable operation of the water flow rate, and reduce the operational cost by manipulating the pump speed. The MPC algorithm is one of the most common automatic control system that has got a wide spread application in process industry. MPC is ...

many real water resources optimization problems involve conflicting objectives. in this study, multiobjective genetic algorithm nsga-ii, has been developed for optimization the conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater resources and optimal management of supply and demand of agricultural water. here, optimal allocation of land and water resources to the dominant products in najaf abad pl...

Providing clean and affordable water to meet human needs is a grand challenge of the 21st century. Worldwide, water supply struggles to keep up with the fast growing demand, which is exacerbated by population growth, global climate change, and water quality deterioration. The need for technological innovation to enable integrated water management cannot be overstated. Nanotechnology holds great...