In this paper, we present a formal model of the pharmaceutical market as a market with price competition between the original and the generic alternative. The generic substitutes are perceived by the consumers as di¤erentiated products, even though they are chemically identical. In addition, because of price regulation, a low ”limit price” will be a credible commitment not to increase prices up...

Abstract In current research, a novel geometrical technique is introduced to estimate the length ( L ) of sliding arc by considering slip surface entry point distance d e ). Morgenstern-Price limiting equilibrium and strength reduction methods are selected within framework SLOPE/W FLAC 3D softwares respectively, study mechanism stability-effecting factor for loose rock slope comprise two differ...

Understanding the fine balance between changes of entropy and enthalpy and the competition between a guest and water molecules in molecular binding is crucial in fundamental studies and practical applications. Experiments provide measurements. However, illustrating the binding/unbinding processes gives a complete picture of molecular recognition not directly available from experiments, and comp...

The interaction force between a rigid silica sphere and a butyl or octyl acetate droplet was measured in an aqueous environment using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The force measurements were performed without added stabilizers and the observed force behavior was found to be dependent on the type of inorganic electrolyte present, where the interfacial tension was constant over the electrolyte ...

The City of Merida, in the State of Yucatán, obtains its drinking water primarily from three well fields located in the periphery of the city. In addition, there are water supply wells within the city. Water from the public water supply contains lead, cadmium, chromium in excess of the Mexican Drinking Water Norm. The following organic contaminants have also been identified in the ground water ...