Cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain, pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane against an opposing electrochemical gradient by reducing oxygen to water. To explore the fundamental mechanisms of such redox-coupled proton pumps, we develop kinetic models at the single-molecule level consistent with basic physical principles. We demonstrate that pumping a...

We consider a time series with real data from water lift station, equipped three pumps which are activated and deactivated depending on certain starting halting thresholds. Given the level number of active pumps, both read every 5 min, we aim to infer when each pump was or deactivated. To do so, build an algorithm that sets hierarchy criteria based past future given interval identify thresholds...

The use of heat pump to recover the condensing unit can realize cascade utilization energy, improve efficiency not only effectively increase heating capacity unit, but also extraction steam, so as economy thermal power plant. Heat pumps suitable for in plants be divided into absorption and compression pumps. Which type is more economical needs specific judgment application environment. In this ...

Wet compression resorption heat pumps are a promising type of heat pumps that operates with nonazeotropic refrigerant mixtures. The main differences, when compared to the classical Rankine cycle, are the nonisothermal phase transition of the mixture in the heat exchangers and the compression of the two-phase mixture in the compressor, which works as a gas compressor and at the same time as a li...

In this comparative study, osmoregulatory mechanisms were analyzed in two closely related species of palaemonid shrimp from Brazil, Macrobrachium pantanalense and Macrobrachium amazonicum. A previous investigation showed that all postembryonic stages of M. pantanalense from inland waters of the Pantanal are able to hyper-osmoregulate in fresh water, while this species was not able to hypo-osmor...