The TROpospheric WAter RAdiometer (TROWARA) is a ground-based microwave radiometer with an additional infrared channel observing atmospheric water parameters in Bern, Switzerland. TROWARA measures with nearly all-weather capability during dayand nighttime with a high temporal resolution (about 10 s). Using the almost complete data set from 2004 to 2016, we derive and discuss the diurnal cycles ...

Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen (DO) distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elements such as Fe and S at the sediment-water interface are important factors that could influence the formation of the black bloom. In this study, dredged and undredged sediment cores w...

     Data reduction is used to aggregate or amalgamate the large data sets into smaller and manageable information pieces in order to fast and accurate classification of different attributes. However, excessive spatial or spectral data reduction may result in losing or masking important radiometric information. Therefore, we conducted this research to evaluate the effectiveness of the different...

The Ediacaran Period (635 to 542 million years ago) was a time of fundamental environmental and evolutionary change, culminating in the first appearance of macroscopic animals. Here, we present a detailed spatial and temporal record of Ediacaran ocean chemistry for the Doushantuo Formation in the Nanhua Basin, South China. We find evidence for a metastable zone of euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) ...

Proton NMR relaxation times T1 and T2 were determined for normal lenses excised from sexually mature animals from seven different species. Lenses were immersed in physiological buffer during measurements, and suppression methods were employed to null the buffer signal. This enabled selective analysis of lenticular water. Observed relaxation times were correlated with protein and water content. ...

the bioavailability of trace metals, their biological uptake and ecotoxiccological effect on soil biota can be better understood in terms of their chemical fractionation. the present study examined the mobility and availability of cd, cu, ni, pb and zn in sewage water – irrigated soils using sequential extraction technique as a basis for predicting metal uptake by plants. the residual fraction ...

The mixture of ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, bmimBF4) and water (2.5%, molar fraction) under isothermal conditions at 80 degrees C was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2D-IR) methods. Three regions were focused: the OH stretching band of water (3755-3300 cm (-1)), the stretching band of CH on the imidazole ri...

Atmospheric lidar techniques for the measurement of wind, temperature, and optical properties of aerosols rely on the exact knowledge of the spectral line shape of the scattered laser light on molecules. We report on spontaneous Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering measurements in the ultraviolet at a scattering angle of 90 degrees on N(2) and on dry and moist air. The measured line shapes are compare...

abstract chromium is among the metals that has numerous applications in various industries due to its specifications. widespread use of this metal in different industries has unfortunately been accompanied by its increased release into environment and this entails numerous environmental hazards. in the first phase of the research that was conducted to evaluate the effect of the leather processi...

background: crude oil is a very complex composition with harmful effects in human health such as carcinogenesis and blood effects. using the bioassay method to assess the effect of purification process produces useful results. in this study the effect of ozonation to reduce the toxicity of crude oil in the water is investigated. methods: standard sample of the water soluble fraction were prepar...