At the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg in 2002, the international community agreed to a target to halve the proportion of people who lack access to basic sanitation by 2015. Available information paints a grim picture of the water and sanitation conditions in much of the developing countries. The great majority of these people live in Asia and Africa. Over one-hal...

Inventory carrying costs represent a considerable portion of business logistics costs for manufacturing, and include the costs of interest, taxes, obsolescence, depreciation, insurance, and warehousing. Using an automated supply chain management system, these business logistics costs, particularly the inventory carrying costs and the logistics administration costs, can be reduced. The MIDAS sys...

In this study, the combined effects of light and water availability on the functional relationships of the relative growth rate (RGR), leaf chemical composition, construction and maintenance costs, and benefits in terms of payback time for Coffea arabica are presented. Coffee plants were grown for 8 months in 100% or 15% full sunlight and then a four-month water shortage was implemented. Plants...

This research assesses the environmental and economic benefits and costs of cleaner production projects formulated by smalland medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) participating in a sustainable supply program in Mexico. The program was designed as a public-private voluntary partnership to spur cleaner production dissemination in SMEs that are part of global supply chains. The study analyzes how pro...

natural resources are valuable capitals for all nations. rangelands as the most extensive natural ecosystems in iran provide numerous services, including fodder production and red meat supply, soil conservation and water regulation. although uncontrolled exploitation of these resources has imposed much pressure and caused many losses within the ecosystems. impacts of overutilization of nomadic ...