We use (2)H NMR to study the rotational motion of supercooled water in silica pores of various diameters, specifically, in the MCM-41 materials C10, C12, and C14. Combination of spin-lattice relaxation, line-shape, and stimulated-echo analyses allows us to determine correlation times in very broad time and temperature ranges. For the studied pore diameters, 2.1-2.9 nm, we find two crossovers in...

Water and air temperature are potentially limiting factors to the pole-ward distributions of coastal bottlenose dolphins. This study assessed the lower critical temperature of captive bottlenose dolphins to air temperature (LCT(a)) and water temperature (LCT(w)) through the use of open flow respirometry. Five dolphins, ranging from 14 to 33 years of age and acclimated to the waters of the south...

The hydration of propylene with sulfuric acid catalyst in high-temperature water was investigated using a flow reaction system. The major product was isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Diisopropyl ether, n-propyl alcohol and C6 olefins were produced as byproducts. The temperature dependency of reaction rate for propylene disappearance was measured in the range of 280-400°C at a fixed pressure of 30 MPa. ...

Service life-time of alloys used in high temperature applications is often limited by corrosion. FeCrAl(Re) alloys are partially designed to form a protective α-alumina oxide scale at elevated temperatures in order to mitigate further oxidation. The scale growth commonly follows a parabolic rate law, which under a Wagnerian setting depends on transport of charged species; ions, vacancies and el...

A 100 km deep liquid water ocean probably underlies the icy exterior of Jupiter’s satellite Europa. The long-term persistence of a liquid ocean beneath an ice shell presents a thermal conundrum: Is the temperature of the ocean equal to the freezing point of water at the bottom of the ice shell, or is it equal to the somewhat warmer temperature at which water attains its maximum density? We argu...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Japanese spindle Glossy privet Thermography Hand heating Sap warming Water and thermal status Thermography has been used in many fields to perform non-invasive temperature measurements of natural objects. In this paper, thermography was used to determine the temperature of leaves, stems and branch kerfs of Japanese spindle (Euonymus japonicus Thunb.) and glossy p...

the water relations play a fundamental role in seed comprehension of biology. in order to describe the process of drying and the effect on water activity, which controls biological change in storage, a sound knowledge of the relationship between equilibrium moisture content (emc) and water activity/equilibrium relative humidity (erh) is essential. the relationship between the total moisture con...

Radiances observed by the Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse gases sounder have been used to retrieve temperature, water vapor, and ozone profiles. It is shown that the sounder allows us to simultaneously retrieve stable solutions for temperature and water vapor. Once water vapor and temperature have been retrieved, ozone profile may be estimated on the same fine vertical mesh as water vapo...