The transfer of water from phloem into xylem is thought to mitigate increasing hydraulic tension in the vascular system of trees during the diel cycle of transpiration. Although a putative plant function, to date there is no direct evidence of such water transfer or the contributing pathways. Here, we trace the radial flow of water from the phloem into the xylem and investigate its diel variati...

The South-to-North Water Diversion Eastern Route Project (SNWDERP) of China is a large inter-basin water transfer project. It is an extremely complex process management of water resources allocation and scheduling for such a multi-basin, multisource, multi-objective complex engineering systems. The SNWDERP is difficult to accurately construct the mathematical model because this kind of complex ...

This paper reports an experimental study on nanofluid convective boiling heat transfer in parallel rectangular minichannels of 800 μm hydraulic diameter. Experiments are conducted with pure water and silver nanoparticles suspended in water base fluid. Two small volume fractions of silver nanoparticles suspended in water are tested: 0.000237% and 0.000475%. The experimental results show that the...

Directional water transport fabrics can proactively transfer moisture from the body. They show great potential in making sportswear and summer clothing. While moisture transfer has been previously reported, heat transfer in directional water transport fabrics has been little reported in research literature. In this study, a directional water transport fabric was prepared using an electrosprayin...

rivers are among the most important surface water resources which have always been of significance throughout the history of mankind. this significance is due to human dependence on water for answering his needs such as agriculture, water transfer, flood control and water transportation. in the past, it was assumed that basic measures such as exploiting rivers or managing floods were only limit...

For the first time, the standard Gibbs energies of transfer of anions and cations across the nitrobenzenejheavy water interface are reported as measured by an electrochemical technique. The data have been obtained with the help of three-phase electrodes consisting of a nitrobenzene droplet that contains an electroactive compound (either decamethylferrocene to transfer anions or iron(III) tetrap...

Water plays an essential role in the structure and function of proteins, lipid membranes and other biological macromolecules. Solid-state NMR heteronuclear-detected (1)H polarization transfer from water to biomolecules is a versatile approach for studying water-protein, water-membrane, and water-carbohydrate interactions in biology. We review radiofrequency pulse sequences for measuring water p...

In this paper the heat transfer characteristics of a two-phase closed thermosyphon over a wide range of heat transfer rates, system pressure, aspect ratios and filling ratios were studied. The experiments focused on the boiling and condensation heat transfer characteristics of a thermosyphon with a copper tube having 25 and 32 mm inside and outside diameters. Distilled water was used as the wor...

In this study, the convective heat transfer and pressure drop in laminar flow of Al2O3/water and CuO/water nanofluids through square and triangular cross-sectional ducts have been numerically investigated using new technique. It has been assumed that there is constant heat flux boundary condition at walls. In addition, to include the presence of nanoparticles, the dispersion model has been used...