leishmaniasis is a neglected public health problem caused by the protozoan species belonging to the genus leishmania affecting mostly the poor populations of developing countries. the causative organism is transmitted by female sandflies. cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral clinical manifestations are the most frequent forms of leishmaniasis. chemotherapy still relies on the use of pentavale...

This study explored the possibility of disinfecting water using aqueous extracts of medicinal plants. Seven medicinal plants used by Samburu herbalists for the treatment of stomach illnesses were investigated for water disinfection. Aqueous extracts of the dried powdered plant material were directly used to treat the water samples collected. Efficacy of water treatment with medicinal plants exp...

\ INTRODUCTION Utilization of adsorption on solid surfaces was exercised for the first time in 1785. Practical application of unactivated carbon filters, and powdered carbon were first demonstrated in the American water treatment plant, and a municipal treatment plant in New Jersey, in 1883 and 1930, respectively. The use of activated carbon became widespread in the next few decades. At present...

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate dissolved oxygen and nitrate control in a wastewater treatment-plant, and an integrated wastewater system, using model predictive control. This control is of importance in maintaining the conditions required for aquatic organisms and so, the entire dynamics must be considered: the urban sewer system, water treatment plant, and river itself. The integrated...

natural sources of water contain some halogenated organic compounds after disinfection by chlorine. trihalomethanes are one group of the chlorination by products that suspected of being carcinogenic inhuman unfortunately, these compounds are in finished water of all treatment plants that use chlorine as a disinfectant. in this study, the concentration of total thms of water treated in the water...

Pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants have been detected in drinking water, groundwater, surface water, and soil around the world. Even in locations where wastewater treatment is required, they can be found in drinking water wells, municipal water supplies, and agricultural soils. It is clear conventional wastewater treatment technologies are not meeting the challenge of the mounting pressu...