Directors of large corporations are sometimes compared, with considerable justice, to the supreme party council in a one-party state. Potentates of countries commonly regarded as dictatorial might look with envy on American corporate directors not only for the funds of money of which they dispose, but also for the security of their tenure.' But there are many ways in which directors are unlike ...

evaluating the impact of organizational factors andmanagement of deviant workplace behavior is an important issue. it helpsto explain the situation to senior managers in order to plan and makedecision to prevent or mitigate such a behavior. this study evaluates theimpact of organizational factors and management (unfair laws,organizational culture, compensation/ remuneration structure, negative ...

sometimes, following of islamic law, there is a liability of paternal relatives, relatives and public treasury that some of the jurists say that this liability is a against of personal liability and therefore they oppose or limit this liability. but the analysis of this liability shows that this liability is a tort. in the other hand, in some of the countries the vicarious liability is a princi...

Regulation of ørm behavior when ownership and management are separated is explored. It is shown that downward pressures on the level of a regulated activity emerge due to; risk asymmetry between owner and manager, legal liability, and limited contracting. Obversely, several models of regulator behavior and their implications for regulatory eœectiveness are considered. Using data on all EPA fede...

despite observation of regulations and precautionbyauthorities and agents, sometimes other people incur aloss because of execution of legal order of seniorauthorities. this problem is separately discussed becausethat loss is caused by the order of senior authorities andthe harmed person has no role in its occurrence. also, thatloss is peculiar to civil responsibility of the one inauthority and ...