Introduction: Cough and expiration reflex are major lower airway defense mechanisms that have not been studied throughout development in relation with the feeding behavior. Aim: To describe airway defense reflexes evoked by mechanical stimulation of the trachea in developing rabbit pups. Material and Methods: Sixty one pups were allocated to 3 groups according to their feeding behavior: sucklin...

I . After feeding radioactive markers 85Sr and 45Ca for 10 days to weanling and adult rats receiving basal diets all of which contained adequate calcium and phosphorus to support normal growth, the skeletal retention of the markers was compared with that in litter-mates receiving seven different P compounds as dietary supplements so that the P intake was increased z to 3& times. 2. In weanling ...

The postnatal effects of in utero exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, C8F17SO3-) were evaluated in the rat and mouse. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given 1, 2, 3, 5, or 10 mg/kg PFOS daily by gavage from gestation day (GD) 2 to GD 21; pregnant CD-1 mice were treated with 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg PFOS from GD 1 to GD 18. Controls received 0.5% Tween-20 vehicle (1 ml/kg for rats an...

Patulin had the following 14·day LD,o values when dissolved in saline (pH 7.2) and given as a single i.p. dose: mice, 7.6 mg/kg and weanling rats, 5.9 mg/kg. Administration by stomach tube increased the single dose LD so value to 17 and 108-118 mg/kg in mice and weanling rats, respectively. Neonatal rats given a single dose of patulin 24 h after birth gained less weight (dose-response relations...

BACKGROUND Males are generally more susceptible to respiratory infections; however, there are few data on the physiological responses to such infections in males and females. OBJECTIVES To determine whether sexual dimorphism exists in the physiological/inflammatory responses of weanling and adult BALB/c mice to influenza. METHODS Weanling and adult mice of both sexes were inoculated with in...

Cellular proteins that regulate apoptotic cell death can modulate the outcome of Sindbis virus (SV) encephalitis in mice. Both endogenous and overexpressed BCL-2 and BAX proteins protect newborn mice from fatal SV infection by blocking apoptosis in infected neurons. To determine the effects of these cellular factors on the course of infection in older animals, a more neurovirulent SV vector (ds...

Global atmospheric change is influencing the quality of plants as a resource for herbivores. We investigated the impacts of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) on the phytochemistry of two forbs, Solidago canadensis and Taraxacum officinale, and the subsequent feeding behavior and growth performance of weanling prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) feeding on those plants. Plants for th...

The adverse effect of cypermethrin on the liver and kidney of weanling female rats and the protective effect of ethanolic extract of grape pomace were investigated in the present study. Weanling female rats were given cypermethrin oral at a dose of 25 mg kg(-1) body weight for 28 consecutive days. An additional two Cyp-trated groups received extract at a dose of 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) body weigh...

This study was conducted to determine the influence of fulvic acid (FA) and probiotic (PB) supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters and immunity of pigs. The trial 1 evaluated the effect of FA and probiotic on nutrient digestibility of pigs at approximately 20 kg. The trial 2 examined the effect on performance, blood parameters and immune response of 80 weanling ...

One-hundred-ninety-two weanling pigs from two separate trials, (initial weight 6.0 and 5.6 kg) and 400 growing-finishing pigs (initial weight 17 kg) were fed normal and high lysine corn diets containing four levels of lysine in a 2 X 4 factorial arrangement. Crossbred (Large White X Landrace X Duroc) pigs were used in all experiments. The objectives of the experiments were to (1) compare normal...