BACKGROUND Early nutrition is recognized as a target for the effective prevention of childhood obesity. Protein intake was associated with more rapid weight gain during infancy-a known risk factor for later obesity. OBJECTIVE We tested whether the reduction of protein in infant formula reduces body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and the prevalence of obesity at 6 y of age. DESIGN The Childhoo...

Due to their widespread acceptability, multinutrient-fortified foods and beverages may be useful in reducing micronutrient deficiencies, especially in developing countries. We studied the efficacy of a new fortified beverage in improving the nutritional status of children in Botswana. We screened 311 lower income urban school children, ages 6-11 y, in two primary schools near Gaborone. Children...

Middle-aged women are at a higher risk of being obese. We examined the trajectory of post-surgical % total weight loss (%TWL) among middle-aged female bariatric patients. We fitted sequential generalized estimating equations models to analyze a sample of women who received bariatric surgery in 1995-2012, aged 40-65 years at the time of surgery (N = 158,292) whose pre-operative body mass index (...

1. Perú, Ministerio de Salud. SERUMS: Servicio Rural Urbano Marginal de Salud [Internet]. Lima: Ministerio de Salud; c2008 [citado el 25 de abril del 2013]. Disponible en: http://www.minsa.gob.pe/portal/servicios/serums/ info_serums.asp 2. Huamaní C, Gutiérrez C, Mezones-Holguín E. Correlación y concordancia entre el examen nacional de medicina y el promedio ponderado universitario: análisis de...

We consider a process that starts at height y, stays there for a time X0 ∼ exp(y) when it drops to a level Z1 ∼ U(0, y). Thereafter it stays at level Zn for time Xn ∼ exp(Zn), then drops to a level Zn+1 ∼ U(0, Zn). We investigate properties of this process, as well as the Poisson hyperbolic process which is obtained by randomizing the starting point y of the above process. This process is assoc...

We establish a new bound for the exponential sum x∈X y∈Y γ(y) exp(2πiaλ xy /p) , where λ is an element of the residue ring modulo a large prime number p, X and Y are arbitrary subsets of the residue ring modulo p − 1 and γ(n) are any complex numbers with |γ(n)| ≤ 1. In particular, we improve several previously known bounds.

BACKGROUND High infancy weight gain is associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance (IR) in later life, but the association with later body composition has not been well explored. Appetite regulatory hormones may be programmed in early life, but data to support this are lacking. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of weight gain in infancy on body composition, IR, l...

BACKGROUND Marked increases in mean body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity and overweight in the United States are well known. However, whether these average increases were accompanied by changing dispersion (or SD) remains understudied. OBJECTIVE We investigated population-level changes in the BMI distribution over time to understand how changes in dispersion reflect between-group c...

“Morbid Obesity” (ICD 278.01 / BMI >40) is an entity distinct from “ o b e s i t y ” , the latter term encompassing the broad ra n ge of ove r we i g h t . Available treatment modalities as well as outcomes differ substantially over the spectrum of higher BMI. Representative data for behavior modification, diet and exercise show at best an average weight loss of 4-7 kg at 2 years, with decreasi...