This paper presents the Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation and Distribution (FUND), an integrated assessment model of climate change, and discusses selected results. FUND is a nine-region model of the world economy and its interactions with climate, running in time steps of one year from 1990 to 2200. The model consists of scenarios for economy and population, which are perturbed by...

The main sources of funds for railway investment projects in Russia are still state and regional budgets, from the National Welfare Fund, net profit Russian Railways, pension savings Pension Fund Russia. reform system Ministry Railways creation JSC “Russian Railways”, which began 2016, has not yet released budget financing its needs, there been no active use private investment. Moreover, monopo...

The Village Fund Program is a manifestation of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia, which intended to support equitable development and increase community welfare. village government has the authority plan use spend it concerning regulations from central government. needs be evaluated determine whether funds have been spent properly village's economic development. This study aims identify prog...

Investment in human development is seen as a means to increase welfare and sustain economic growth. This study discusses examines the simultaneous partial effect of village fund allocations, government spending on education health sectors which calculated Human Development Index (HDI) East Java Province 2011-2020. uses multiple linear regression analysis or Ordinary Least Square explains severa...

One area of increasing narcotics distribution and abuse was the coast East Aceh, Aceh Province. This led to heads household becoming prisoners. The head household’s imprisonment directly affected their families’ welfare. wives would be forced replace role despite limited education, skills capital for performing business. research aimed examine protection women (wives) children; effort local gov...

A synthetic control method in a comparative case study evaluates the potential effect of sovereign wealth fund on economic growth country. Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) is focus study. This first empirical research literature that attempts to evaluate impact an emerging economy. The results provide evidence contributed higher real per capita GDP T&T by estimate $5104.57 (2010 US$) year. cumulative ...

Two contrasting perspectives can be identified in the current literature on relationship between European integration and welfare state. On one hand, race to bottom thesis presumes that spending will reduced lowest common denominator. other upward convergence suggests supports strengthens capacities of national states. This consequences for social protection systems are ambiguous. The study con...

The cancer genetic service is organised as joint clinics from the six university hospitals genetics and oncology departments and each serves one of the six health care regions. The patients are usually referred from surgeons, gynaecologists or GPs, and thus selected because of an increase of cancer in the family. At the clinic a geneticist, an oncologist, and a psychosocially trained oncologic ...

We analyze the implications of short-selling and margin purchase constraints for management compensation and portfolio optimization under moral hazard. First, looking at the manager’s problem, we show that her active portfolio (that is, net of the benchmark) will not be independent of the benchmark design. We solve analytically for the benchmark composition that maximizes e¤ort expenditure. Ana...

Matching and Challenge Gifts to Charity: Evidence from Laboratory and Natural Field Experiments This study designs a natural field experiment linked to a controlled laboratory experiment to examine the effectiveness of matching gifts and challenge gifts, two popular strategies used to secure a portion of the $200 billion annually given to charities. We find evidence that challenge gifts positiv...