BACKGROUND Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) affects 2-4/1000 live births with outcomes ranging from negligible neurological deficits to severe neuromuscular dysfunction, cerebral palsy and death. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the sub cohort of NE that appears to be driven by intrapartum events. Our objective was to identify antepartum and intrapartum factors associated with the developme...

aluminum is present in very small amounts in living organisms but abundant in the environment. a growing literature links with the biochemistry of aluminum and also with a series of diseases in chronic renal failure patients on treatment with hemodialysis. the initial description of potential aluminum toxicity in renal failure patients relates to description of dialysis encephalopathy syndrome ...

Liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. One of the most significant complications in patients with liver disease is the development of neurological disturbances, termed hepatic encephalopathy. The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy is incompletely understood, which has resulted in the development of a wide range of experimental models. Congenital portosystemic shunt is on...

Dengue fever is the most important arboviral infection in the world, with an estimated 100 million cases per year and 2.5 billion people at risk. Encephalopathy is a rare complication of dengue virus infection and may occur as a consequence of intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral edema, hyponatremia, cerebral anoxia, fulminant hepatic failure with portosystemic encephalopathy, microcapillary hemor...

recently, several patients have been reported with various signs of encephalopathy and high thyroid antibody levels together with good responsiveness to glucocorticoid therapy. despite the various clinical presentations, these cases have been termed “hashimoto encephalopathy” (he). although all of the pathogenic components have not yet been clearly elucidated, it is believed that brain vasculit...

introduction there are one million deaths from asphyxia in newborn annually. management of this newborn is only supportive. autologuse stem cell therapy may reduce mortality and long term morbidity. outcome of asphyxiated newborn is related to damage cns cells. stem cells prevent apoptosis and induce repairmen of injured neurons. methods in a review study all article related to three keywords o...

Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin. Thiamine deficiency can present as a central nervous system disorder known as Wernicke's encephalopathy, which classically manifests as confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Wernicke's encephalopathy has rarely been reported following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Herein, we report Wernicke's encephalopathy in a patient with acute myeloid leukem...

Hypertensive encephalopathy is a medical emergency whose clinical manifestations are usually associated with bilateral parieto-occipital lesions. Predominant brainstem edema without accompanying occipital lesions is rare in hypertensive encephalopathy and usually occurs in patients with secondary hypertension. We describe the clinical and radiological features of two patients with reversible hy...

Acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy induced by fluoropyrimidines (FPs) is a rare complication. Its pathophysiology remains unclear, especially given the currently used regimens, including intermediate-doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or oral FP agents. We aimed to characterize the clinical manifestations in cancer patients who developed hyperammonemic encephalopathy after receiving FP-based chemo...

References the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 3rd ed., pp. 203, 224. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. 6. Wells GAH, Hancock RD, Cooley WA, et al.: 1989, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: diagnostic significance of vacuolar changes in selected nuclei of the medulla oblongata. Vet Rec 125:521-524. 7. Wells GAH, Scott AC, Johnson CT, et al.: 1987, A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in c...