Since the early 1980s, psychologists and survey methodologists have made considerable progress in understanding the cognitive and communicative processes underlying survey responding To date this research has paid limited attention to cultural differences. However, there is increasing evidence that there are cultural differences in how information is processed (for a review, see Oyserman & Lee,...

Political participation has become an important topic in contemporary political thinking. Western scholars’ views that reflect experiences societies have predominant theoretical articulations on participation. This study offers a critical review of the conceptual frameworks democratic and non-democratic societies. Drawing previous research, it developed new definition typology China. It eschews...

Margaret Preston, an Australian painter, has been credited as the first nonanthropologist to begin to explore Australian Aboriginal art as an art. Preston saw in Aboriginal painting the well-spring for an ‘indigenous art of Australia’. The seeking of a national identity, and specifically a connection with place, is common to many if not most societies, reflecting a Herderian idea of art, langua...

Among the Turkana of north western Kenya, as well as in many other eastern African pastoral societies, cattle are not only a source of food but also an essential tool for a man to establish his own concepts of aesthetic and to visibly express his own personal identity and social relationships among his people. A Turkana man achieves these objectives by choosing a specific male cow and then modi...

We analyze time use data of four East Asian societies and 12 Western countries between 1985 2016 to investigate the gender revolution in paid work, domestic total work. The closing gaps work has stalled most recent decade several countries. magnitude gaps, cultural contexts, welfare policies plays a key role determining whether division labor will stall or continue. Women undertake more than me...

Introduction Is the socioeconomic gap in academic achievement larger among boys than girls? Several scholars have proposed such an interaction between status (SES) and gender. Prior empirical studies yielded mixed evidence, but they been conducted almost exclusively Western countries. Here we propose hypothesis that SES-gender is stronger less gender-equal societies. Methods We estimated 36 cou...

This contribution deals with the interdependence of Eastern and Western Europe in the present historical developments. It emphasizes the importance to distinguish analytically between the social and the cultural. Pointing out an increasing neglect of the social in theory and research particularly with respect to the post-communist societies of Eastern and East-Central Europe. As social structur...

The rapid aging of many Western societies has compelled policymakers and professionals to develop concepts, programs, and services to meet the complex and diverse needs of their elderly populations, in particular the segment of older persons who are frail, chronically ill, and functionally disabled. Aging-in-place has become a key and guiding strategy in addressing and meeting the needs of olde...

This study addresses the mortality of the members of the Saxonian Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Leipzig. In fact, learned societies have been shown to present vanguard groups in the achievement of longevity. We use biographical records from the members of the Saxonian Academy of Sciences from 1846 to 2010 and compare their mortality to German life table estimates, where particularly att...

In secularized modern Western societies, moral opposition to the liberalization of abortion, gay adoption, euthanasia, and suicide often relies on justifications based on other-oriented motives (mainly, protection of the weak, e.g., children). Moreover, some argue that the truly open-minded people may be those who, against the stream, oppose the established dominant liberal values in modern soc...