White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a double-stranded (305 kb) DNA invertebrate virus (Wang et al 1998) that causes White Spot Syndrome (WSS) in almost all commercially available crustaceans. Though 22 different viruses are known to cause diseases in shrimp (Hsu et al 2000), WSSV is particularly of great interest to cause mass mortality in 3-10 days of disease blitz. The estimated annual global...

The effect of five isonitrogenous diets (36.6% protein), formulated by replacing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of fish meal (FM) with rice protein concentrate (RPC), was investigated on the growth and tail-muscle fatty acid (FA) quality of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The feeds were fed to shrimp (initial weight of 6.99 ± 0.08 g) five times daily to apparent satiation for 60 d...

white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is a highly pathogenic and prevalent virus affecting shrimp culture worldwide including iran. in the present study, a pair of primers was designed according to the sequence of vp 28 gene of wssv in the genbank. vp28 gene from an iranian wssv isolate (irvp28) was cloned, sequenced and expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3) strain in order to produce vp28 protein...

To analyze the effects of ambient microbiota on gut Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, at different aquaculture stages, shrimp and water sediment stages were collected analyzed through high-throughput sequencing 16S rDNA. Our results showed that various alpha-diversity indices late stage (LAS) significantly higher than those early (EAS). The average degree co-occurrence network constru...

Microorganisms play integral roles in the cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) for fish and shellfish production. We quantified the pathways of shrimp fecal bacterial activities and their role in C- and N-flux partitioning relevant to culturing Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei, in RAS. Freshly produced feces from P. vannamei conta...

Toxic microalgae outbreaks have caused significant economic losses in the Mexican aquaculture industry. Blooms that involve PSP and NSP phycotoxins are two of the most dangerous, causing harmful effects to the environment, economy and public health. The exact metabolic mechanism of these toxins in shrimp still remains unknown. Because shrimp consume microalgae their edible tissues are clearly p...

We hypothesized that aggregation of bacteria and hemocytes at the gill, which occurs as part of the shrimp's antibacterial immune defenses, would impair normal respiratory function and thereby disrupt aerobic metabolism. Changes in oxygen uptake and lactate accumulation were determined in Litopenaeus vannamei, the Pacific white shrimp, following injection with either saline (control) or a strai...

Ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel is a large protein that plays an essential role in muscle contraction; mutations in the ryanodine receptor gene affect sensitivity to stress. As a first step towards investigating the relationship between the ryanodine receptor and shrimp cramped muscle syndrome, we cloned, partially sequenced, and examined single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the...

Interest in culturing the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in low-salinity and brackish-well waters has led to questions about the ability of this species to osmo- and ionoregulate in environments containing low concentrations of ions and in environments with ionic ratios that differ from those found in sea water. After seven days, hemolymph osmolality and potassium, sodium and calcium...

Vertebrates achieve adaptive immunity of all sorts against pathogens through the diversification of antibodies. However the mechanism of invertebrates' innate immune defense against various pathogens remains largely unknown. Our study used shrimp and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) to show that PjCaspase, a caspase gene of shrimp that is crucial in apoptosis, possessed gene sequence diversity....