This research has been conducted to establish a wheel-point device and evaluate its efficiency (precision, accuracy and time) with respect to the estimation of canopy percent in a pilot Artemisia stand in Khabr region of Baft, Kerman province, Iran in 2015. Several transects with different lengths (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 m) were established using the randomized sampling block with 5 repli...

In a sampled data system, frequency components greater than half the sampling rate "alias" (shift) into the frequency band of interest. Most of the time, aliasing in an undesirable side effect, so the "undersampled" higher frequencies are simply filtered out before the A/D stage. But sometimes, the undersampling is deliberate and the aliasing causes the A/D system to function as a mixer. This a...

nonlinear hunting speeds of railway vehicles running on a tangent track are analytically obtained using hopf bifurcation theory in this paper. the railway vehicle model consists of nonlinear primary yaw dampers, nonlinear flange contact stiffness as well as the clearance between the wheel flange and rail tread. linear and nonlinear critical speeds are obtained using bogoliubov method. a compreh...

In this paper a subset of High-Dimensional Random Apollonian networks, that we called Wheel Random Apollonian Graphs (WRAG), is considered. We show how to generate a Wheel Random Apollonian Graph from a wheel graph. We analyse some basic graph properties like vertices and edges cardinality, some question concerning cycles and the chromaticity in such type of graphs, we suggest further work on t...

In operation of high-speed wheeled robots on rough terrain, it is significantly important to predict or measure the interaction between wheel and ground in order to maintain optimal maneuverability. Therefore, this paper proposes an easy way to estimate wheel lift and suspension force of a highspeed wheeled robot on uneven surfaces. First of all, a high-speed robot which has six wheels with ind...

The endocannabinoid system serves many physiological roles, including in the regulation of energy balance, food reward, and voluntary locomotion. Signaling at the cannabinoid type 1 receptor has been specifically implicated in motivation for rodent voluntary exercise on wheels. We studied four replicate lines of high runner (HR) mice that have been selectively bred for 81 generations based on a...

Do animals evolve (coadapt) to choose diets that positively affect their performance abilities? We addressed this question from a microevolutionary perspective by examining preference for Western diet (WD: high in fat and sugar, but lower in protein) versus standard rodent chow in adults of both sexes from 4 lines of mice selectively bred for high levels of voluntary wheel running (High Runner ...

the paper presents the optimization results for several electrical machines dedicated for powered electric wheel-chairs. The optimization, using the Hook-Jeeves algorithm, was employed based on a design approach which takes into consideration the road conditions. Also, through numerical simulations (based on finite element method), the analytical approach was validated. The optimization approac...