Abstract The productivity of Arabica coffee in the Gayo Highlands, Aceh, Indonesia is far below its potential because climate change and inadequate agricultural practices. To develop a strategy on sustainable yield improvements smallholder farming systems, we investigated three classes shade densities total management intensities index (TMI) along six altitude gradients (1,000–1,600 m above sea...

It is known that use of the Web by academic researchers is discipline-dependent and highly variable. Moreover, the Web is increasingly central for sharing information, disseminating results and publicizing research projects and so it is important to find out as much as possible about how it is used, and who is using it successfully. In this pilot study we seek to identify the subjects that have...

Distal nerve transfers have contributed enormously to the strategies in brachial plexus reconstruction. They help to overcome the pitfalls of nerve grafting from proximal root (or peripheral nerve) stumps and work, effectively, as tendon transfers. Although use of the intercostals for transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve was first described, using a graft of the ulnar nerve, in the 1960s, tra...

This study aims to explore how lichen diversity, composition, and distribution vary with altitude, environmental factors (temperature relative humidity). The was conducted in the forest of Gunung Bunga Buah, Selangor at five sites (different altitudes). Forty-four species were identified. Their correlated significantly altitude factors, increasing diversity higher altitudes. Graphidaceae Physci...

While several studies have examined the abiotic effects of altitude (low ambient temperatures and hypoxia) on the aerobic performance of small mammals, few have explored the effects of development and maturation at different altitudes on aerobic performance as adults. We examined the basal metabolism and aerobic performance of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) under four different developmenta...

For several NP-complete problems, there have been a progression of better but still exponential algorithms. In this paper, we address the relative likelihood of sub-exponential algorithms for these problems. We introduce a generalized reduction which we call Sub-Exponential Reduction Family (SERF) that preserves sub-exponential complexity. We show that CircuitSAT is SERF-complete for all NP-sea...

From orbit, the visibility of Titan's surface is limited to a handful narrow spectral windows in near-infrared (near-IR), primarily from absorption methane gas. This has ability identify specific compounds on -- date bulk composition remains unknown. Further, understanding would provide insight into geologic processes, photochemical production and evolution, biological potential surface. One ap...

climate change can have severe effects on the natural environment, including water resources and ecosystems. Islands are unique systems more vulnerable to climate change than continental areas. madeira, an atlantic subtropical island, has a quite unique flora and fauna and is considered a mediterranean biodiversity ‘hot-spot’. The lower altitudes of madeira are predominantly occupied by urban a...

We study the possibility of designing solar radiation management schemes to achieve a desired meridional radiative forcing (RF) profile using a two-dimensional chemistry-transport-aerosol model. Varying SO2 or H2SO4 injection latitude, altitude, and season, we compute RF response functions for a broad range of possible injection schemes, finding that linear combinations of these injection cases...