OBJECTIVES Patients and policy makers advocate that drug treatments should be individualised. However, the term is used in a variety of ways. We set out to identify the range of related terminology and concepts in the general field of individualisation, map out the relationships between these concepts and explore how patients' perspectives are considered. DESIGN We consulted members of an est...

This study integrates a Box-Cox power transformation procedure into a common trend two-phase regression model based test (the PMFred algorithm) for detecting changepoints, to make the test applicable to non-Gaussian data series, such as non-zero daily precipitation amounts or wind speeds. The detection power aspects of the transformed method (transPMFred) are assessed by a simulation study, whi...

Mitigation of atmospheric pollution has been a topic of concern over the past decades. In this study, tree rings have been used to reconstruct past climates as well as to assess the effects of recent climatic and environmental changes on tree growth. Vehicular emission is one of the major sources of pollutants in the atmosphere and this study focused on the Haatso-Atomic road which over the yea...

The temporal variance of soil moisture, vegetation and evapotranspiration over land has been recognized to be strongly connected to the temporal variance of precipitation. However, the feedbacks and couplings between these variables are still not well understood and quantified. Furthermore, soil moisture and vegetation processes are associated with a memory and therefore they may have important...

This research highlights the precipitation trends and presents the results of the study in temporal and spatial scales. Precise predictions of precipitation trends can play imperative part in economic growth of a state. This study examined precipitation inconsistency for 23 stations at the Dongting Lake, China, over a 52-years study phase (1961–2012). Statistical, nonparametric Mann-Kendall (MK...

Kendall’s test was used to analyze the hydro-climatic trends of the Yellow River over the last half century. The results show that: (1) the runoff of the basin has decreased even after allowing for human uses, (2) the watershed has become warmer with a more significant increase in minimum temperature than in mean and maximum temperatures, and (3) no significant change in precipitation trend was...

today one of the ecological crisis is the phenomenon of desertification that affecting the world. desertification is more related to social and anthropogenic issues than natural causes and it becomes more important over the time. monitoringis the systematic collection and analysis of information as a project progresses. in this study, using ahp method and gis techniques has been to assess deser...

in recent years, interest in climatic extreme events (droughts, floods and heat waves) has been growing not only due to their direct impact on many socio-economic sectors, but also as climate change indicators. in this study, the behavior of extreme events is investigated using extreme climate index software (ecis) package. the trend analysis of extreme indices is applied to daily series of tem...