Wind, in the duration of its erosional process, affects considerable changes in a grain's morphologyfrom its removal (detachment) step to sedimentation. In other word, a grain undergoes its gradualevolution during the transit process. In this project, the maturation of Aeolian sand grains had beenstudied upon as based on texture maturity indicator which includes: sorting, mean size grain, round...

Abstract For horizontal-axis wind turbines, turbines typically alignment nacelle to the using yaw system, realizing max energy capture. If turbine’s has a large error wind, captured loss will be large, and it also cause an increase in load of unit, which pose major risk safety turbine. Affecting measurement addition performance sensor itself, installation position equipment accounts for importa...

A comprehensive model evaluation has been conducted for MM5-CMAQ for the period of 1–10 July 1999 of the Southern Oxidants Study episode with a coarse-grid horizontal spacing of 32-km and a nested fine-grid spacing of 8-km. Meteorological and chemical predictions from simulations with both grids are compared with observations from both routine monitoring networks (e.g., CASTNet, IMPROVE, and AI...

The British Isles benefits from dense meteorological observation networks, enabling insights into the still-unresolved effects of solar eclipse events on the near-surface wind field. The near-surface effects of the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 are derived through comparison of output from the Met Office's operational weather forecast model (which is ignorant of the eclipse) with data from two...

Spatially localized refractivity variations, mainly due to water vapor, are a major source of error in high-precision positioning techniques such as GPS and SAR interferometry. Refractivity induced delay variations can be misinterpreted as, e.g., crustal deformation signal or positioning biases. In this study, signal delay estimates based on SAR observations and simultaneous GPS time series are...

in this study, the capabilities of wawewatch-iii and mike21-sw for predicting the characteristics ofwind-generated waves in hormuz strait are evaluated. the numerical models have been set up using input data including gfs wind with 5° spatial resolution and 6 hours time intervals, along with the etopo1 bathymetry data with 2 arc-minute spatial resolutions. the results of the two model simulatio...

At present, the assimilation of u and v wind vector components calculated from wind speed (SP) and wind direction (DIR) observations (obs) is used as the only scheme for assimilating wind observations into the Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation (WRFDA) three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var) system. The observational error of the u and v components is assigned b...

Extreme wind loads used in design (e.g., the 50-yr wind load) and include nominal design wind loads ultimate wind loads. This paper briefly reviews the relationship between extreme wind loads and extreme wind speeds, assessments of epochal versus ‘peak-overthreshold’ approaches for estimating extreme non-tornadic winds in areas not subjected to tropical storms, and methods for estimating extrem...

Spatially localized refractivity variations, mainly due to water vapor, are a major source of error in high-precision positioning techniques such as GPS and SAR interferometry. Refractivity induced delay variations can be misinterpreted as, e.g., crustal deformation signals or positioning biases. In this study, signal delay estimates based on SAR observations and simultaneous GPS time series ar...

When animals move across a landscape, they alternate between active searching phases in areas with high prey density and commuting phases towards and in-between profitable feeding patches. Such active searching movements are more sinuous than travelling movements, and supposedly more costly in energy. Here we provide an empirical validation of this long-lasting assumption. To this end, we evalu...