The relationship between balance ability and sport injury risk has been established in many cases, but the relationship between balance ability and athletic performance is less clear. This review compares the balance ability of athletes from different sports, determines if there is a difference in balance ability of athletes at different levels of competition within the same sport, determines t...

Malcolm Kerr Muir’s death after a short illness, on 10 November 2019 at the age of 72, aborted his vigorous post-retirement career, devoted to enhancement ophthalmic care in low-income countries. Malcolm was very modest: quiet about achievements and self-effacing story-telling. However, lack self-advertisement should not deny him recognition for considerable contribution ophthalmology. He gift...

This study is on how leg utilisation may affect skiing efficiency and performance in double-poling ergometry. Three experiments were conducted, each with a different style of the double-poling technique: traditional with small knee range-of-motion and fixed heels (TRAD); modern with large knee range-of-motion and fixed heels (MOD1) and modern with large knee range-of-motion and free heels (MOD2...

The purpose of this study was to investigate athlete burnout from a social-cognitive perspective by examining the relationship between social cognitive motivational variables at the start of a season and signs of burnout in elite athletes at the end of the season. Participants were 141 (F=60, M=81) elite winter sport athletes competing in Alpine skiing, Biathlon, Nordic Combined, Nordic skiing,...

Head trauma is leading cause of mortality after injuries related with skiing and snowboarding. Wearing a helmet is considered to be a primary method to prevent traumatic brain injuries (TBI) among alpine sports participants. This article, based on literature review, determines the efficacy of helmets and safety of their use. It also presents practical principles of proper helmet fitting. A well...

The ordinary differential equations for musculoskeletal dynamics are often numerically stiff and highly nonlinear. Consequently, simulations require small time steps, and optimal control problems are slow to solve and have poor convergence. In this paper, we present an implicit formulation of musculoskeletal dynamics, which leads to new numerical methods for simulation and optimal control, with...

Measurement is as fundamental to modern sport as it is to science. The outcomes of Olympic trials and competitions are sometimes determined by tenths or hundredths of a second. Athletic training typically entails performance measurement in order to guide and enhance training methods. Better performance is often its own reward – that is, observing improvements may strongly motivate competitive a...