We investigated one-step, rapidly cleaning, and annealing thin wire copper using plasma generated by Dielectric-Barrier Discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure in a coaxial cylindrical reactor. The thin copper wire cleaning and annealing processes strongly depend on the input power, the dimensions of the reactor, and the annealing duration. The minimum input power was calculated under stable an...

background and objectives: the burn injuries are one of the serious public health problems which impose a high economic burden on patients and their family, health sector and community in general. this study aimed to explore epidemiological data of burn patients and factors influencing costs of hospitalization due to burn injuries in kermanshah province situated in western iran.   methods: the ...

One of the most important factors that affects construction costs of highways is the earthwork cost. On the other hand, the earthwork cost strongly depends on the design of vertical alignment or project line. In this study, at first, the problem of vertical alignment optimization was formulated. To this end, station, elevation and vertical curve length in case of each point of vertical intersec...

iran is one of the most energy-rich countries subsidizing energy carriers, especially in the agricultural sector, to the extent that the resulting growth is at the expense of the environment. this study tries to investigate the potential impacts of energy price reform on the agro-environment, based on the marginal abatement costs (macs) of emissions. firstly, the energy demand function of the a...

We developed a novel micro-droplet array system, which is based on the distinct three dimensional mesh screen structure and sintering and oxidation induced thermal-fluid performance. Mesh screen was sintered on a copper substrate by bonding the two components. Non-uniform residue stress is generated along weft wires, with larger stress on weft wire top location than elsewhere. Oxidation of the ...

When we want to measure parameters of the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) from remote sensing image directly, the sharp edges are usually used as targets. But for noise, blur and the complexity of the images, fully automatic locating the expected edge is still an unsolved problem. This paper improves the semi-auto edge extraction algorithm of live-wire [1] and introduces it into the knife-ed...

Beyond the optimization of single parameter (usually the wire-length) in Standard Cell Placement (SCP), focus in the present work is laid on the optimization of speed, power, and the wire length. As discussed in our previous work of hybrid algorithms for single objective optimization of SCP the main advantage of hybridization is the improvement in convergence speed to Pareto front although it l...

We present Justice, a set of extensions to the Liberty simulation infrastructure that model area, wire length, and power consumption in processor architectures. Given an architectural specification of a processor, Justice estimates the area of each module of the processor and generates a floorplan of the processor. From the floorplan, Justice computes the length and delay of critical communicat...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess and compare the characteristics of commonly used initial archwires by their load deflection graphs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study tested three wire designs namely copper nickel titanium (CNT), nickel titanium (NiTi), and multi-strand NiTi (MSNT) archwires engaged in passive self-ligating (PSL) brackets, active self-ligating (ASL) brackets or c...

To improve the performance of critical nets where both timing and wire resources are stringent, we integrate bu er insertion and driver sizing separately with non-Hanan optimization and propose two algorithms: BINO (simultaneous Bu er Insertion and Non-Hanan Optimization) and FAR-DS (Full-plane AWE Routing with Driver Sizing). For BINO, we consider the realistic situation that bu er locations a...