INTRODUCTION The objective of the present study was to evaluate the opinion of Portuguese intensive care physicians regarding 'do-not-resuscitate' (DNR) orders and decisions to withhold/withdraw treatment. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to all physicians working on a full-time basis in all intensive care units (ICUs) registered with the Portuguese Intensive Care Society. RESULTS A total o...

Because of the increased expansion non-agricultural industry spurred on by vigorous urbanization, labor migration or transfer from farm to urban regions is become more predominant in China. Studying effect farmers’ willingness withdraw land conducive deepening understanding reality “separation human and farmland”. As most rural livelihoods, directly indirectly, depend upon farming, socio-econom...

Objectives: Treatment decisions in ethically complex situations are known to depend on a physician’s personal characteristics and medical experience. We sought to study variability in decisions to withdraw or withhold specific life-supporting treatments in terminal care and to evaluate the association between decisions and such background factors. Design: Readiness to withdraw or withhold treat...

OBJECTIVES Treatment decisions in ethically complex situations are known to depend on a physician's personal characteristics and medical experience. We sought to study variability in decisions to withdraw or withhold specific life-supporting treatments in terminal care and to evaluate the association between decisions and such background factors. DESIGN Readiness to withdraw or withhold treat...

BACKGROUND Reducing vaccine wastage is important. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is produced in vials of 20 infant doses. The reconstituted vaccine is discarded after 4-6 hours. Therefore, to reduce vaccine wastage, a 20-dose vial of BCG is often only opened if at least 10-12 infants are present, jeopardising BCG vaccination coverage and timely vaccination. We observed that nurses were n...

We consider insurance markets with adverse selection and propose a mechanism under which a separating Nash equilibrium always exists (even when a Rothschild-Stiglizt equilibrium does not). This equilibrium is unique and always (interim) incentive efficient. In our setting, the Rothschild-Stiglizt equilibrium exists and coincides with ours only if the former is incentive efficient. Otherwise, ou...