1. Agriculture causes high sediment, nutrient and light input to streams, which may affect rates of ecosystem processes, such as organic matter decay. In the southern Appalachians, socioeconomic trends over the past 50 years have caused widespread abandonment of farmland with subsequent reforestation. Physical and chemical properties of streams in these reforested areas may be returning to pre-...

A new simple and safe method for quantifying lignin content in lignocellulosic biomass is described. The approach consists of measuring the absorbance of a solution of whole biomass dissolved in the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride, [Bmim][Cl], at 440 nm via ultraviolet(UV-) visible spectrophotometry. An extinction coefficient for a lignin standard, highly pure lignin isolat...

In this thesis, wood nanotechnologies for transparent, fire-retardant and hydrophobic/lipophilic wood have been developed. There are two main parts; wood template preparation/processing concepts and materials design using these templates. In the wood template processing part, highly porous nanostructured wood templates are prepared. Relationships between processes and material structures are st...

Smoke is an important component of wildfires. Specifying the combustion process different materials allows scientists to better prevent and adopt public health measures. This experimental study contributes a characterisation smoke emitted by two types decking, wood thermoplastic, commonly used in terraces. Emission factors were characterised using cone calorimeter for incident fluxes ranging fr...

Wooden barrels are used in the ageing or maturation of many alcoholic beverages, namely brandies and wines. However, the high costs related to ageing in wooden barrels have led to a search for alternative technologies. In this study we examined the application of wood fragments to the beverage in order to promote an accelerated ageing. We evaluated the sensory and chemical modifications in bran...

INTRODUCTION Transition state metals, such as manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe), have been reported to be involved in fungal degradation of wood (Ellis, 1959; Shortle and Shigo. 1973; Blanchette, 1984; Glenn et al., 1986). Manganese is also involved in the enzymatic degradation of lignin model compounds by the white-rot fungus Phanaerochaete chrysosporium Burds. (Tien and Kirk, 1984; Glenn et al., 1...

The test panels obtained from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.) were initially adjusted to have 8%, 10%, and 12% moisture content in this study. One-component semimatte and two-component water borne varnishes were applied on the surfaces in order to investigate the effect of the type and the moisture content of the wood on the hardness and the gloss values...

Juglans mandshurica is an economically and ecologically valuable species that used for various construction purposes, making luxurious furniture, as food sources of medicinal substances landscaping because its excellent wood, edible fruits rich in types chemical compounds. In the past few decades, several genetic improvements J. were made, with a focus on selection improved varieties breeding t...