Recent recommendations for wood dust sampling include sampling according to the inhalable convention of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 7708 (1995) Air quality--particle size fraction definitions for health-related sampling. However, a specific sampling device is not mandated, and while several samplers have laboratory performance approaching theoretical for an 'inhalable' ...

The effective fermentation of xylose remains an intractable challenge in bioethanol industry. The relevant xylanase enzyme is also in a high demand from industry for several biotechnological applications that inevitably in recent times led to many efforts for screening some novel microorganisms for better xylanase production and fermentation performance. Recently, it seems that wood-feeding ter...

BACKGROUND Wood dust has been classified as carcinogenic to humans and the association with nasal cancer risk has been observed in a large number of epidemiological studies. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to summarise data about occupational exposure levels to wood dust in Italy and to examine some exposure determinants. METHODS Exposure measurements on wood dust were extracted from th...

wood resources, non-wood plants and recycled papers are the common raw materials of papermaking. shortage of raw materials, is a challenging problem in developing pulp and paper industry. in this study, cladophora green algae was used as a new source of cellulosic fiberfor pulping and papermaking.. cladophora algae was cooked with cold soda method and then was mixed with nssc pulp at 10,20 and ...

In the last three decades forecasting bankruptcy of enterprises has been an important and difficult problem, used as an impulse for many research projects (Ribeiro et al. 2012). At present many methods of bankruptcy prediction are available. In view of the specific character of economic activity in individual sectors, specialised methods adapted to a given branch of industry are being used incr...

The Finnish wood heat treatment technology ThermoWood, was recently introduced to Turkey. Data about the mechanical and physical properties of Turkish wood species are important for industry and academia. In this study two industrially important Turkish wood species, pine (Pinus nigraArnold.) and fir (Abies bornmülleriana Matf.) were heat-treated using the ThermoWood process. Pine and fir sampl...

This paper describes results of FTM–West model solutions for a set of hypothetical future fuel treatment scenarios, which include stand-density-index (SDI) and thin-from-below (TFB) treatment regimes at alternative levels of harvest administrative fees or subsidies. The paper briefly describes estimates of harvestable wood (upper bounds) and acreage treatable under the different thinning regime...

Biomass is an important source of renewable energy in Thailand and currently is the second major energy sources in the country, especially for households and small industries in rural area. It provides basic energy requirement for cooking and process heating in residential and manufacturing sectors as well as for processing in traditional industries. Four major sources of biomass in Thailand ar...

W hen a tree is felled, a process begins to maximize the value of that wood. The log is taken to a sawmill, where someone decides whether the wood is more valuable as lumber, veneer, or chips. If the log is made into lumber, boards cut from it must be edged and trimmed, a process that requires someone to decide how to trim off defective parts and make the board as valuable as possible. Then som...