This paper provides empirical evidence on the determinants of foreign ownership in manufacturing industries. Foreign ownership, according to the theory of international production, is the result of the combination of comparative and competitive advantage. An adequate examination of the ownership structure of an industry requires the ability to establish empirically the extent to which internati...

Construction industry involves the highest risk of occupational accidents and bodily injuries, which range from mild to very severe. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the factors associated with accident severity rate (ASR) in the largest Iranian construction companies based on data about 500 occupational accidents recorded from 2009 to 2013. We also gathered data on safety ...

China’s emergence as a global economic player has been accompanied by a major internal transformation described in a new World Bank/IFC publication.** Over the past decade, the economy has made the transition from complete reliance on state-owned and collective enterprise to a mixed economy where private enterprise plays a leading role. This is an ongoing process, during which the economy will ...

1 This paper was presented at the interdisciplinary conference “Race and Human Variation: Setting an Agenda for Future Research and Education,” sponsored by the American Anthropological Association (AAA) and funded by the Ford Foundation. The conference, an activity of AAA’s public education project Understanding Race and Human Variation funded by the National Science Foundation and the Ford Fo...

This study examines the pre-announcement performance of Canadian takeover targets and measures the relation between performance and the turnover rate of target firm top managers (Chief Executive Officers or Presidents) following the announcements. We find negative correlation between pre-announcement performance and the turnover rate. We find that the pre-announcement performance of targets tha...

As Dr. Joel Lexchin makes painfully obvious in this issue (see pages 351 to 356), regulatory processes governing pharmaceutical advertising in Canada and elsewhere are seriously compromised. However, the remedial measures Lexchin proposes are not sufficient. Financial sanctions against improper advertising are likely to be regarded by manufacturers as the cost of doing business, and any regulat...

The conventional wisdom is that indirect network effects, unlike direct network effects, do not give rise to externalities. In this paper we show that under very general conditions, indirect network effects lead to adoption externalities. In particular we show that in markets where consumption benefits arise from hardware/software systems, adoption externalities will occur when there are (i) in...

OBJECTIVES To examine the extensive research undertaken by the tobacco industry over the past 25 years toward development of a fire safe cigarette. METHODS Research was conducted through a web based search of internal tobacco industry documents made publicly available through the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement. RESULTS The documents reveal that the tobacco industry produced a fire safe ci...

The story of food distribution in the United States is a remarliable one. As a nation, we are blessed with abundant agricultural resources. We have a national agricultural policy that has emphasized efficiency (output per unit of input). And, perhaps most of all, we tend to believe that markets seive consumers best. This belief has helped produce an industry characterized by change. Over the pa...

OBJECTIVE To construct a conceptual model of tobacco industry tactics to undermine tobacco control programmes for the purposes of: (1) developing measures to evaluate industry tactics, (2) improving tobacco control planning, and (3) supplementing current or future frameworks used to classify and analyse tobacco industry documents. DESIGN Web based concept mapping was conducted, including expe...