Single-crystal diffuse X-ray scattering was used to characterize radiation-induced defects in individual grains of a polycrystalline proton-irradiated Fe foil. The grains were probed with an intense 1 microm X-ray beam to demonstrate that both polycrystalline and micrometer-scale samples can be studied with single-crystal-like signal-to-noise. Scattering was measured with an X-ray-sensitive are...

A compact high pressure cell and its control environment designed for smalland wide-angle x-ray scattering experiments under hydrostatic pressure up to 3000 bar and temperatures between 220 °C and 180 °C are described. With this system x-ray scattering experiments can be performed at constant pressure and temperature with a conventional laboratory x-ray source and it can be easily modified to c...

Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectromicroscopy, resonant scattering and resonant reflectivity are specialized, synchrotron radiation based, soft X-ray characterization tools that provide moiety-specific contrast and either real-space imaging at w30 nm spatial resolution, or scattering signals which can be inverted to provide chemically sensitive information at an even high...

Radiation of X-ray bursts and of accretion shocks in weakly magnetized neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries is produced in plane-parallel atmospheres dominated by electron scattering. We first discuss polarization produced by single (non-magnetic) Compton scattering, in particular the depolarizing effect of high electron temperature, and then the polarization due to multiply electron scatte...

Anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) is expected to be a powerful and vital tool for the structural study of soft matter. We investigated feasibility of ASAXS near sulphur K absorption edge at SPring-8. Scattering pattern was successfully obtained and the dependence of scattering intensity on the energy of X-ray well agreed with the calculated one. This study can be the basis of struc...

We develop a simple tensorial contraction method to obtain analytical formula for X-ray resonant magnetic scattering. We apply the method considering first electric dipole-dipole and electric quadrupolequadrupole scattering in the isolated atom approximation and compare the results with previous works. Then we apply the method to derive phenomenological original formulas which account also for ...

Gamma-ray bursts are now known to be a cosmological population of objects, which are often accompanied by X-ray and optical afterglows. The total energy emitted in the afterglow can be similar to the energy radiated in the gamma-ray burst itself. If a galaxy containing a large column density of dust is near the line of sight to a gamma-ray burst, small-angle scattering of the X-rays due to diff...

– Results of high-energy magnetic X-ray diffraction for photon energies up to 500 keV are presented and the form of the magnetic scattering cross-section for relativistic energies is discussed. At 300 keV we experimentally proved that the scattering from the spin component perpendicular to the scattering plane is dominant. Within our statistical and systematic errors, the magnetic scattering am...

The generation of ultra-short x-rays by Thomson scattering intense laser pulses from electron beams is discussed, including recent experimental results and methods for enhancing the x-ray flux. A high flux of x-rays in a femtosecond pulse requires the generation of femtosecond electron bunches and a head-on Thomson scattering geometry. The generation of ultrashort electron bunches in a plasmaba...

This article briefly introduces the fundamental principles of nanoparticle size distribution measurements using Small Angle X-ray Scattering, as well as data processing using the dividing distribution function. The study also investigates the existing methods of data processing. This article also discusses the testing of 2D, 3D nanostructure and Small Angle X-ray Scattering testing used in cosm...