Bcl-2 family proteins are key regulators for cellular homeostasis in response to apoptotic stimuli. Bcl-xL, an antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, undergoes conformational transitions, which leads to two conformational states: the cytoplasmic and membrane-bound. Here we present the crystal and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) structures of Bcl-xL treated with the mild detergent n-Octyl β-D-Ma...

Engagement of the TCR induces activation-induced cell death (AICD) of T cells that have been previously stimulated. However, a portion of these T cells can survive and undergo further activation. The molecular mechanism that decides whether a T cell will live or die after TCR re-engagement is unclear. We found that cross-linking of TCR in preactivated primary mouse T cells led to the cleavage o...

The kinase inhibitors imatinib mesylate and dasatinib are the preferred treatment for Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemias, and they are highly successful in the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, they are not efficient in Ph+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Ph+ leukemia cells are highly resistant to apoptosis, and evidence from cell lines and pri...

The spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) greatly increase in the near-field region millimeter wave or terahertz multiple-input multiple-output communications with extremely large antenna arrays (XL-MIMO). To employ increased DoFs, a beamspace modulation (BM) strategy is introduced to near field XL-MIMO. BM can work fixed small number RF chains. It exploits DoFs as resources for capacity improvemen...

An unsteady two-dimensional finite-volume solver was developed based on Van Leer’s flux splitting algorithm in conjunction with “Monotonic Upstream Scheme for Conservation Laws (MUSCL)” limiters to improve the order of accuracy and the two-layer Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model was also implemented. Two test cases were prepared to validate the solver. The computed results were compared with the e...

UNLABELLED Metoprolol, a relatively selective beta1-blocker, is devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and possesses weak membrane stabilising activity. The drug has an established role in the management of essential hypertension and angina pectoris, and more recently, in patients with chronic heart failure. The effects of metoprolol controlled-release/extended-release (CR/XL) in patients...

Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a serious skin fibrotic disease characterized by excessive hypercellularity and extracellular matrix (ECM) component deposition. Autophagy is a tightly regulated physiological process essential for cellular maintenance, differentiation, development and homeostasis. However, during the formation of HS, whether and how autophagy is regulated in dermal fibroblasts are sti...

Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are associated with treatment resistance and progression in many cancers, including prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether a novel bispecific antisense oligonucleotide targeting both Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in androgen-independent PC3 prostate cancer cells. An antisense oligonucleotide with complete sequenc...