The maskless photolithography device we developed requires no photomask, by modifying Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector optics from magnified to reduced projection. The second-generation device we developed produces a practical centimeter-scale micropattern by dividing a large mask pattern and divisionally exposing it synchronized with an auto-XY stage, applying it to cell micropattern and...

45,X/46,XY mosaic patients exhibit a wide phenotypic spectrum, ranging from normal females and females with Turner syndrome and normal males with mild hypospadias, to male or female pseudohermaphroditism (1). Prenatally diagnosed cases of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism represent an unbiased group. In over 90% of this group a normal male phenotype has been found. However, the postnatal diagnosis group is ...

We report the temperature (T) and perpendicular magnetic-field (B) dependence of the Hall resistivity rho(xy)(B) of dilute metallic 2D holes in GaAs over a broad range of temperature (0.02-1.25 K). The low B Hall coefficient, R(H), is found to be enhanced when T decreases. Strong magnetic fields further enhance the slope of rho(xy)(B) at all temperatures studied. Coulomb interaction corrections...

In the following we present an introduction to the mathematical theory of the XY spin chain. The importance of this model lies in the fact, first understood by Lieb, Schultz and Mattis in [4], that the XY spin chain is one of very few “exactly solvable” models in the theory of quantum many-body systems. Lieb, Schultz and Mattis considered the constant coefficient case. In the variable coefficie...

Given a group, there is a natural operation of conjugation, defined by x ∗ y = xyx−1. We study the variety generated by all G(∗), G a group. In particular, we are concerned about the question, whether this variety has finitely based equational theory. We study the equations satisfied by group conjugation. Strictly speaking, for a group G we put x∗y = xyx−1 for all x, y ∈ G and we ask, which equ...

Given that a graph G = (V, E). By an edge-antimagic vertex labeling of graph, we mean assigning labels on each under the label function f : V → {1, 2, . , |V (G)|} such associated weight edge uv ∈ E(G), namely w(xy) f(x) + f(y), has distinct weight. A path P in vertex-labeled is said to be rainbow if for every two edges xy, x′y ′ E(P) satisfies ̸= w(x ′y ). The called antimagic vertices x and y ...

A new AFM system was designed for the establishment of a standard technique of nano-length measurement in a 2D plane. In a long range (about several tens of micrometers), measurement uncertainty is dominantly affected by the Abbe error of the XY scanning stage. No linear stage is perfectly straight; in other words, every scanning stage is subject to tilting, pitch and yaw motions. In this paper...

46, XY complete gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome) is a rare cause of 46, XY sexual development disorder. The patient presented to our clinic with absence of breast development and lack of periods at the age of 17 years. Her history and familial history involved no relevant conditions. She had Tanner stage 1 thelarche, and Tanner stage 2 pubic hair development with no axillary hair development...

A 160 kb minimal common region in Xp21 has been determined as the cause of XY gonadal dysgenesis, if duplicated. The region contains the MAGEB genes and the NR0B1 gene; this is the candidate for gonadal dysgenesis if overexpressed. Most patients present gonadal dysgenesis within a more complex phenotype. However, few independent cases have recently been described presenting with isolated XY gon...

The testes of fetal, prepuberal and adult XX----XY chimaeras were examined using in situ hybridisation to identify the beta-globin transgenic marker contained in one component of each chimaera. This enabled the proportion of XX and XY cells contributing to the major cell lineages of the testis to be estimated from sectioned and air-dried material. A few XX Sertoli cells were found in all three ...