The goal of this study was to establish an easy-to-perform, reliable, and safe protocol for intraperitoneal injection anaesthesia in rats, as well as an easy method to assess anaesthesia depth under routine clinical conditions. Seventy Wistar rats (35 males and 35 females) were used to evaluate intraperitoneal anaesthesia with ketamine (75 mg/kg) combined with one of the following central nervo...

Developmental critical periods for the induction of abnormalities by exposure to exogenous substances need not be confined to the early embryonic stage of organogenesis. The combination of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine, two commonly used anesthetic agents, resulted in a corneal epithelial calcium deposition in 84% of rat pups whose exposure was limited to a single injection during the thi...

Raušer P., L. Lexmaulová, R. Srnec, J. Lorenzová, H. Kecová, M. Crha, T. Fichtel, R. Novotná, M. Dvořák, A. Nečas: Changes of Vital Parameters after Administration of Butorphanol during Tiletamine-Zolazepam-Ketamine-Xylazine Anaesthesia for Joint Surgery in Miniature Pigs. Acta Vet. Brno 2008, 77: 251-256. The study compares the effects of butorphanol in pigs undergoing joint surgery in tiletam...

sex hormone is supposed to modify pain sensitivity. the aim of the present study was to investigat, the role of 2 adrenergic receptors in nociception using formalin test. formalin test was performed by subcutaneous injection of 50 ml formalin (%2.5) solution into hind paw. animals were divided into 4 groups as control group (intact animal), sham group (received 2µl of artificial csf by icv rout...

There is a scarcity of information for reliable and safe protocol semen collection in R. timorensis. The induction general anesthesia by Ketamine-Xylazine both intravenous intramuscular routes provides valuable the practicality procedure. Five healthy matured Rusa timorensisstags, aged more than 3 years, weighing an average 68.5 ± 2.4 kg were selected this experiment. General anaesthesia was co...

This study describes the successful use of modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia with a fixed volume of anesthetic in a bovine referral center. Among the 130 Holstein cattle scheduled for flank surgery, 90 cattle received a mixed anesthetic consisting of 1 ml of xylazine hydrochloride and 3 ml of lidocaine hydrochloride by modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia. Eighteen cattle with dehydr...

Previous work has demonstrated an influence of the respiratory cycle and, more specifically, rhythmic nasal inspiration for the entrainment of slow oscillations in olfactory cortex during ketamine-xylazine anesthesia. This respiratory entrainment has been suggested to occur more broadly during slow-wave states (including sleep) throughout the forebrain, in particular in the frontal and parahipp...