As regards decreasing cotton cultivation in Iran during these years, the degree of risk taken by a cotton cultivator in the agricultural part is important. The studies showed that the cotton crop yield during the past years did not have enough growth and the cotton cost product in the period of study cotton production costs, has increased. In this paper, the risk orientation of cotton cultivato...

This paper estimates optimal hedging ratios for a Finnish spring wheat producer under price and yield uncertainty. The contract available for hedging fixes the price and quantity at the time of sowing for a delivery at harvest. Autoregressive models are used to obtain point forecasts for the conditional mean price and price volatility at harvest. Expected yield and yield volatility are estimate...

PURPOSE In screening for type 2 diabetes, guidelines recommend targeting high-risk individuals. Our objectives were to assess the yield of opportunistic targeted screening for type 2 diabetes in primary care and to assess the diagnostic value of various risk factors. METHODS In 11 family practices (total practice population = 49,229) in The Netherlands, we conducted a stepwise opportunistic s...

We propose a general equilibrium model with multiple securities in which investors’ risk preferences and expectations of dividend growth are time-varying. While time-varying risk preferences induce the standard positive relation between the dividend yield and expected returns, time-varying expected dividend growth induces a negative relation between them. These offsetting effects reduce the abi...

This paper empirically examines the relation between the Treasury term structure and spreads of investment grade corporate bond yields over Treasuries. I nd that noncallable bond yield spreads fall when the level of the Treasury term structure rises. The extent of this decline depends on the initial credit quality of the bond; the decline is small for Aaarated bonds and large for Baa-rated bond...

We present a general equilibrium model with incomplete markets and borrowing constraints to study the interest rate term structure. Agents face both an aggregate risk and an idiosyncratic risk of unemployment, which is not insurable. We derive analytical expressions for the bond prices, whatever their maturities. We also exhibit the e ects of credit constraints on the whole price structure. The...

This paper develops and estimates a continuous-time model of the term structure of interests under regime shifts. The model uses an analytically simple representation of Markov regime shifts that elucidates the effects of regime shifts on the yield curve and gives a clear interpretation of regime-switching risk premiums. The model falls within the broad class of essentially affine models with a...