Crystal structure determination of macromolecules is often hampered by the lack of crystals suitable for diffraction experiments. This article describes a protocol to crystallize the acidic protein bovine -lactoglobulin in the presence of yttrium to yield high-quality crystals that belong to a new space group. The yttrium ions not only are used to engineer the crystallization, but are an integr...

Introduction: The use of lasers for treatment has become a common phenomenon in the medical field. Currently, numerous laser systems are available for dental use. The use of lasers for periodontal treatment becomes more complicated because the periodontium consists of both hard and soft tissues. Methods: Related articles were gathered and selected carefully and reviewed. Among the many lasers a...

Continual scaling of the CMOS technology requires thinner gate dielectric to maintain high performance. However, when moving into the sub-45 nm CMOS generation, the traditional poly-Si gate approach cannot effectively reduce the gate thickness further due to the poly-depletion effect. Fully silicided Ni metal gate (FUSI) has been proven to be a promising solution. Ni FUSI metal gate can signifi...

This is our initial response towards fabricating a magnetic filled polymer composite samples potentially used as electromagnetic waves detector. Samples of lanthanum yttrium iron garnet Y3.0-XLaXFe5O12 (where x = 0, 0.5 ,1.0, 1.5 , 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 ) were synthesized by conventional solid state technique. We used simple casting technique to fabricate the Y3.0XLaXFe5O12-PVA composite. The samples w...

Laser therapy has the potential to be an effective, minimally invasive procedure in periodontal therapy. The aim of the present review was to survey the relevant literature on the clinical application of lasers as a minimally invasive treatment for periodontitis and peri-implant disease. Currently, there are a large number of published clinical studies and case reports that evaluate the adjunct...

A multi–layer gadolinium–doped yttrium oxide thin film was deposited in a combinatorial fashion on a Si (001) substrate using radio–frequency magnetron sputtering. Alternating layers of Y2O3 and Gd were deposited for a total of 9 layers. The film was homogenized in composition by an 850 C 12 hour thermal treatment producing a range of composition from Y1.96Gd0.04O3 – Y1.54Gd0.46O3 in a single f...