The theory of relativity links space and time to account for observed events in four-dimensional space. In this article we describe an alternative static state causal discrete modeling system using omniscient viewpoint dynamical systems that can express object relations the moment(s) they are observed. To do this, three key components required, including introduction independent object-relative...

We investigate the model where electrons and dark matter interact with energy through rolling of a scalar field which comes from extra dimensional theories such as braneworld theory Brans-Dicke theory. In this model, couples to electrons, leads larger values mass energies in early universe. also fit our cosmological data. By analyzing data Planck, baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO), light curves...

We construct actions for (p, 0)-and (p, 1)-supersymmetric, 1 ≤ p ≤ 4, two-dimensional gauge theories coupled to non-linear sigma model matter with a Wess-Zumino term. We derive the scalar potential for a large class of these models. We then show that the Euclidean actions of the (2, 0) and (4, 0)-supersymmetric models without Wess-Zumino terms are bounded by topological charges which involve th...

We studied numerically the validity of the fluctuation relation introduced in Evans et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 2401-2404 (1993)] and proved under suitable conditions by Gallavotti and Cohen [J. Stat. Phys. 80, 931-970 (1995)] for a two-dimensional system of particles maintained in a steady shear flow by Maxwell demon boundary conditions [Chernov and Lebowitz, J. Stat. Phys. 86, 953-990 (1997)...

We propose a 4-dimensional Kaluza-Klein approach to general relativity in the (2,2)-splitting of space-time using the double null gauge. The associated Lagrangian density, implemented with the auxiliary equations associated with the double null gauge, is equivalent to the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian density, since it yields the same field equations as the E-H Lagrangian density does. It is desc...

We propose an effective action for the eleven-dimensional (bosonic) Kaluza-Klein monopole solution. The construction of the action requires that the background fields admit an Abelian isometry group. The corresponding sigma-model is gauged with respect to this isometry. The gauged sigma-model is the source for the monopole solution. A direct (double) dimensional reduction of the action leads to...

We generalize the (2 + 1)-dimensional Yang-Mills theory to an anisotropic form with two gauge coupling constants e and e. In axial gauge, a regularized version of the Hamiltonian of this gauge theory is H0 + e H1, where H0 is the Hamiltonian of a set of (1 + 1)-dimensional principal chiral sigma nonlinear models and H1 couples charge densities of these sigma models. We treatH1 as the interactio...

In the context of principal components analysis (PCA), bootstrap is commonly applied to solve a variety inference problems, such as constructing confidence intervals for eigenvalues population covariance matrix $\Sigma$. However, when data are high-dimensional, there relatively few theoretical guarantees that quantify performance bootstrap. Our aim in this paper analyze how well can approximate...

The prescribed Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) algorithms for the generation of vertical and horizontal protection levels implicitly assume a zero-mean, normally distributed fault-free error model for the broadcast pseudorange corrections. While such a model appears to be consistent with reference receiver ranging errors due to thermal noise and diffuse multipath, remaining errors such as...