The distribution of times ∆t between coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) CME catalog for the years 1996-2001 is examined. The distribution exhibits a power-law tail ∝ (∆t) with an index γ ≈ −2.36± 0.11 for large waiting times (∆t > 10 hours). The powerlaw index of the waiting-time distribution varies with the solar cycle: for the years 1996-199...

• The estimation of the extreme-value index γ based on a sample of independent and identically distributed random variables has received considerable attention in the extreme-value literature. However, the problem of combining data from several groups is hardly studied. In this paper we discuss the simultaneous estimation of tail indices when data on several independent data groups are availabl...

Given a tree T = (V,E), the second Zagreb index of T is denoted by M2(T ) = ∑ uv∈E d(u)d(v) and the Wiener polarity index of T is equal to WP (T ) = ∑ uv∈E(d(u)−1)(d(v)−1). Let π = (d1, d2, ..., dn) and π′ = (d1, d2, ..., dn) be two different non-increasing tree degree sequences. We write π π′, if and only if ∑n i=1 di = ∑n i=1 d ′ i, and ∑j i=1 di ≤ ∑j i=1 d ′ i for all j = 1, 2, ..., n. Let Γ...

The classic Atiyah-Singer index theory of elliptic operators on compact manifolds has been vastly generalized to higher index theories of elliptic operators on noncompact spaces in the framework of noncommutative geometry [5] by Connes-Moscovici for covering spaces [8], Baum-Connes for spaces with proper and cocompact discrete group actions [2], Connes-Skandalis for foliated manifolds [9], and ...

Roads are conspicuous components of landscapes and play a substantial role in defining landscape pattern. Previous studies have demonstrated the link between roads and their effects on ecological processes and landscape patterns. Less understood is the relationship between landscape patterns imposed by the network in relation to road network configuration, spatial heterogeneity etc. Our hypothe...

We present here a new calculation of the γ-ray spectrum from pp → π in the Galactic ridge environment. The calculation includes the diffractive pp interaction and incorporates the Feynman scaling violation for the first time. Galactic diffuse γ-rays come, predominantly, from π → γγ in the sub-GeV to multi-GeV range. Hunter et al. found, however, an excess in the GeV range (“GeV Excess”) in the ...

A homogenization result is given for a material having brittle inclusions arranged in a periodic structure. According to the relation between the softness parameter and the size of the microstructure, three different limit models are deduced via Γ-convergence. In particular, damage is obtained as limit of periodically distributed microfractures.

This paper is devoted to prove new relaxation and Γ-convergence theorems on BV(Ω) for a class of integral functionals, whose integrands have a product type structure, but they do not satisfy any assumptions of coerciveness or continuity with respect to the spatial variable.

A variational model for the epitaxial deposition of a film on a rigid substrate in the presence of a crystallographic misfit is studied. The scaling behavior of the minimal energy in terms of the volume of the film and the amplitude of the misfit is considered, and reduced models in the various regimes are derived by Γ-convergence methods. Depending on the relation between the thickness of the ...