A n 86-year-old man presented with recurrent heart failure and severe mitral regurgitation in the setting of previous surgical mitral repair for degenerative valve disease. Surgery had consisted of placement of a 32-mm CarpentierEdwards Physio II annuloplasty ring (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California). Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated a large anterior leaflet (Figure 1A, arrow...

Scientific cosmology is an empirical discipline whose objects of study are the largescale properties of the universe. In this context, it is usual to call the direction of the expansion of the universe the ‘cosmological arrow of time’. However, there is no reason for privileging the ‘radius’ of the universe for defining the arrow of time over other geometrical properties of the space-time. Trad...

which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A 65-year-old man presented with a 5-day history of fever. He took an antimalarial drug (Fansidar;sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine) without being tested for malarial parasite. and corrected reticulocyte count, 20%. Peripheral blood smear (PBS) displayed numerous b...

urbanization agglomeration that is named jacobs externalities, refers to the role of economic diversification in urban. localization agglomeration, marshal-arrow-romer (mar) externalities, is related to the concentration of firms activated in a special industry within a specified place. the purpose of this research is to explore the impact of different types of agglomeration economies on employ...

The Arrow impossibility theorem when individual preferences are weak orders is equivalent to the HEX game theorem. Because Gale showed that the Brouwer fixed point theorem is equivalent to the HEX game theorem, this paper indirectly shows the equivalence of the Brouwer fixed point theorem and the Arrow impossibility theorem. Chichilnisky showed the equivalence of her impossibility theorem and t...