The role of cathepsin K in joint degradation in a model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in cynomolgus monkey was examined using biochemical markers and histology. Joint swelling, urinary C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and N- and C-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX and CTX-I, resp.) were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry of type II collagen, cathepsin K,...

INTRODUCTION Cotrimoxazole (CTX) prophylaxis is recommended by the World Health Organisation for HIV infected persons. However, once HIV infected patients have commenced ART in resource limited settings, the benefits of continued CTX prophylaxis are not known. The few studies that investigated the safety of discontinuing CTX prophylaxis in these settings had limitations due to their design. M...

BACKGROUND Cartilage normally has a slow turnover but in arthritis increased metabolism results in degradation of the tissue. OBJECTIVE To assess cartilage turnover in a sample of the general population by an assay measuring cartilage derived urinary collagen type II (CTX-II) C-telopeptide degradation products. METHODS CTX-II concentrations were measured in urine samples from 615 healthy me...

bla(CTX-M) beta-lactamases confer resistance to critically important cephalosporin drugs. Recovered from both hospital- and community-acquired infections, bla(CTX-M) was first reported in U.S. livestock in 2010. It has been hypothesized that veterinary use of cephalosporins in livestock populations may lead to the dissemination of beta-lactamase-encoding genes. Therefore, our objectives were to...

Cyclophosphamide (CTX), has been widely used for treating various human malignancies as well as autoimmune disease. Although CTX could rapidly decrease the response of immune system, it also could result in severe adverse effects, such as hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). In this study, we investigated the occurrence of HC in patients taking CTX from Chinese Han population and divided all cases into d...

PURPOSE The optimal adjuvant therapy modality for treating pN2 non-small cell lung cancer patients has not yet been established. In this study, the authors investigated clinical outcomes following three different adjuvant therapy modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2006 to December 2012, 240 patients with cN0/1 disease were found to have pN2 disease following curative resection and...

Major drawbacks of chemotherapeutic agents are their toxic side effects and lack of tumor specificity. Immunological and biochemical studies were here carried out to investigate protective effects of ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata against cyclophosphamide (CTX) induced toxicity in vivo. Intraperitoneal administration of the extract significantly increased the total WBC account (32...

The thymus is the major site of selection and differentiation of T cells in mammals and birds. To begin to study the evolution of thymocyte differentiation, we have developed, in the frog Xenopus, an in vitro system that takes advantage of cortical thymocyte antigen (CTX), a recently discovered T cell antigen whose expression is restricted to Xenopus cortical thymocytes. Upon transient stimulat...

Background: The combination of doxorubicin (DOX) with paclitaxel (PTX) effectively treats breast cancer (BC). However,DOX-associated cardiotoxicity (CTX) is aggravated by the use PTX. Consensus lacking about which drug sequence involves most CTX. Objectives: To evaluate whether DOX followed PXT or reverse has greatest cardiotoxic potential in treatment BC. Methods: Prospective study women prima...