Hair dysplasias are congenital or acquired alterations which often involve the hair shaft. Hair shaft abnormalities are characterized by changes in color, density, length and structure. Hair shaft alterations often result from structural changes within the hair fibers and cuticles which may lead to brittle and uncombable hair. The hair of patients with hair shaft diseases feels dry and looks lu...

Background: The cold-induced inflammation of cryotherapy mayalter the immunologic processes and structural components ofthe hair follicles responsible for AA. The aim of this study was tostudy the efficacy of cryotherapy in alopecia areata, and totalis.Method: Forty-four patients with recalcitrant scalp alopeciaareata or totalis were treated with cryotherapy. The cryo-systemchosen was a closed ...

based on the conducted anatomic studies at our institutions as well as clinical experience with migraine surgery, we have refined our onobotulinumtoxin a (botox®) injection techniques. pain management physicians are in unique position to be able to not only treat migraine patient, but also to be able to collaborate with neurologists and peripheral nerve surgeons in identifying the migraine trig...

background: lateral epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow, is the most common overuse syndrome of the elbow. the severity of pain may not be directly caused by tendinopathy of wrist extensors since trigger points of the shoulder muscles have a referral zone in the arm and elbow. therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dry needling of shoulder myofascial trigger points ...

background: myofascial pain syndrome is a significant source of mechanical pain. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arm movement on reaction time in females with latent and active upper trapezius myofascial trigger point. methods: in this interventional study, a convenience sample of fifteen women with one active mtp, fifteen women with one latent mtp in the upper trapezius...

BACKGROUND Genetic factors account for the majority of differences in skin color and hair morphology across human populations. Although many studies have been conducted to examine differences in skin color across populations, few studies have examined differences in hair morphology. OBJECTIVE To investigate changing of integral hair lipids after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in three human eth...