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The asymmetric nature of the boson ‘destruction’ operator â and its ‘creation’ partner ↠is made apparent by applying them to a quantum state |ψ〉 different from the Fock state |n〉. We show that it is possible to increase (by many times or by any quantity) the mean number of quanta in the new ‘photonsubtracted’ state â|ψ〉. Moreover, for certain ‘hyper-Poissonian’ states |ψ〉 the mean number of q...

In the article arXiv:0903.5277 [quant-ph], we have presented a mathematically rigorous quantum-mechanical treatment of a one-dimensional motion of a particle in the Calogero potential V (x) = αx−2. In such a way, we have described all possible s.a. operators (s.a. Hamiltonians) associated with the formal differential expression Ȟ = −dx + αx−2 for the Calogero Hamiltonian. Here, we discuss a new...

Vincristine (VCR) has been shown to enhance the trans port of methotrexate (MTX) in animal systems and in acute myelogenous leukemia cells in vitro. In this report, the uptake of MTX and the effect of VCR were studied in two human lymphoblastoid cell lines grown in tissue culture. The effect of VCR on MTX suppression of deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA by these cell lines was also investi ga...

Barrett's esophagus is a premalignant condition arising in response to chronic reflux esophagitis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (¡NOS;NOS-2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are mediators of inflammation and regu lators of epithelial cell growth. Expression levels of ¡NOSand COX-2 are high in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas, and COX-2 expression is elevated in gastric cancers. To determine ...

Genomic DNA was extracted from archival pathology specimens comprising 10 squamous and 14 adenocarcinomas, including 7 with Barrett's epithelium adjacent to tumor, and corresponding normal esoph agus from the resection margin. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify selected exons ofp53 which were analyzed for mutations using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Mutations...

The hypothesis that the naturally occurring analgesic peptide, â-endorphin, is released in the brain in response to pain had never been directly validated. In this study, we applied a brain microdialysis method for monitoring â-endorphin release in vivo, to test this hypothesis in the brains of conscious, freely moving rats. Herein we first show that endogenous â-endorphin can be measured in vi...