To obtain a contradiction, suppose that there is a cycle; this implies that so that there are q ≥ 2 different governments H1, . . . ,Hq such that φ (Hj) = Hj+1 for all 1 ≤ j < q, and φ (Hq) = H1. Without loss of generality, let H1 be the least competent of these governments. Take H = φ (H2) (if q > 2 then H = H3 and if q = 2 then H = H1). As φ is a political equilibrium, Vi (H) > Vi (H2) holds ...

Histone H1 is an abundant and essential component of chromatin whose precise role in regulating gene expression is poorly understood. Here, we report that a major target of H1-mediated regulation in embryonic stem (ES) cells is the X-linked Rhox homeobox gene cluster. To address the underlying mechanism, we examined the founding member of the Rhox gene cluster-Rhox5-and found that its distal pr...

The general form of non-entangling unitary maps for measurement schemes is determined. It is shown that any POVM admits a non-entangling measurement. We prove the following. Proposition 1 Let H1,H2 be complex separable Hilbert spaces, φ0 a unit vector in H2. Assume U : H1 ⊗ H2 → H1 ⊗ H2 is a unitary map such that for all φ ∈ H1, U(φ ⊗ φ0) = φ′ ⊗ φ′ for some unit vectors φ′ ∈ H1, φ′ ∈ H2. Then U...

The nm23 gene was initially cloned as a metastasis suppressor gene, but the clinical relevance of nm23-H1 as a metastasis suppressor or prognostic indicator for human cancers remains enigmatic. Given that gene expression is regulated at the tissue-specific level, we studied the molecular mechanisms of nm23-H1 expression in human bladder cancer cell lines and the clinical importance of protein p...

We generated mutant alleles of Drosophila melanogaster in which expression of the linker histone H1 can be down-regulated over a wide range by RNAi. When the H1 protein level is reduced to approximately 20% of the level in wild-type larvae, lethality occurs in the late larval - pupal stages of development. Here we show that H1 has an important function in gene regulation within or near heteroch...

Polysialic acid (PSA) is a large and highly negatively charged glycan that plays crucial roles in nervous system development and function in the adult. It has been suggested to facilitate cell migration, neurite outgrowth, and synaptic plasticity because its hydration volume could enhance flexibility of cell interactions. Evidence for receptors of PSA has so far been elusive. We now identified ...

Chromatin remodelling can be involved in some of the epigenetic modifications found in tumor cells. One of the mechanisms at the basis of chromatin dynamics is likely to be synthesis and incorporation of replacement histone variants, such as the H1˚ linker histone. Regulation of the expression of this protein can thus be critical in tumorigenesis. In developing brain, H1˚ expression is mainly r...

Purpose: We examined whether nm23-H1 is a prognostic factor of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Experimental Design: We studied 102 consecutive, untreated PTCL-NOS patients from 1998 to 2008. The expression of nm23-H1 and TIA-1 was studied by immunohistochemistry. Results: nm23-H1 was positive in 44.1% and TIA-1 in 78.4% of the PTCL-NOS patients. nm23-H1 expressio...

Purpose: We examined whether nm23-H1 is a prognostic factor of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Experimental Design: We studied 102 consecutive, untreated PTCL-NOS patients from 1998 to 2008. The expression of nm23-H1 and TIA-1 was studied by immunohistochemistry. Results: nm23-H1 was positive in 44.1% and TIA-1 in 78.4% of the PTCL-NOS patients. nm23-H1 expressio...