Even in the presence of oxygen most cancer cells convert glucose to lactate via pyruvate instead of performing oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic glycolysis-Warburg effect). Thus, it has been considered to shift pyruvate - the metabolite of aerobic glycolysis - to acetylCoA by activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). AcetylCoA will then be metabolized by oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore,...

Dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, has anti-tumor properties in various carcinoma models. Diisopropylamine dichloroacetate (DADA), an over-the-counter drug for chronic liver disease, is a derivative of DCA. To date, few studies have evaluated the anticancer potential of DADA in breast cancer. In this study, MDA-MB-231 cells, a breast adenocarcinoma cell line, ...

BACKGROUND Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis responds to immunnotherapy, and approximately 80% of patients with this disorder fully recover or have only minor sequelae. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not show a specific abnormality, but some patients have progressive cerebral atrophy. The cerebral atrophy can become reversible after clinical improvement. ...

Previous research has shown an inconsistent effect of hypoxia on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), which may be explained by concurrent CO2 control. To test the hypothesis that hypoxic dCA is mediated by CO2, we assessed dCA (transcranial Doppler) during and following acute normobaric isocapnic and poikilocapnic hypoxic exposures. On 2 separate days, the squat-stand maneuver was used to de...

سابقه و هدف: گیاه­ پالایی مقرون­ به­ صرفه سازگار با محیط زیست است که در آن گیاه از توانایی‌‌های طبیعی خود برای بازیابی استفاده ‌‌می‌‌‌کند. گیاهان مورد باید توانایی انباشت مقادیر زیادی آلاینده‌‌های فلزی را بدون ایجاد سمیت آنها داشته باشند. امروزه افزایش جمعیت جهان به دنبال توسعه صنایع کارخانه‌‌ها، بر میزان پساب‌‌های وارده غالبا حاوی فلزات سنگین مختلف ‌‌می‌‌‌باشند، افزوده ‌‌می‌‌‌شود. تاثیرات مخرب...

Ansamycin antibiotics that target heat shock protein 90 function are being developed as anticancer agents but are also known to be dose limiting in patients due to hepatotoxicity. Herein, to better understand how the normal tissue toxicity of geldanamycins could be ameliorated to improve the therapeutic index of these agents, we examined the interactions of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamyci...

In this paper a multi-channel MAC protocol with dynamic channel allocation (MMAC-DCA) in CDMA Ad Hoc networks is proposed. Under MMAC-DCA, the service sub-channels are dynamically allocated by the RTS/CTS dialogue on the common sub-channel, only when a node has a packet to transmit. In addition, a Markov mode is presented to analyze the performance of MMAC-DCA. key words: Ad Hoc networks, dynam...

AIM:To analyze serum bile acids and biliary lipids of patients with cholesterol gallstone(CS) and explore the relationship between deoxycholic acid (DCA) and CS disease.METHODS: Analysis of bile acids in serum was done with gas-chromatography in two groups: CS group (n=151) and control group (n=256). Serum bile acids and biliary lipids were also studied in 90 matched samples.RESULTS: The serum ...

A westernized high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). High-level fecal deoxycholic acid (DCA) caused by HFD contributes to the colonic inflammatory injury of IBD; however, the mechanism concerning the initiation of inflammatory response by DCA remains unclear. In this study, we sought to investigate the role and mechanism of DCA in the inducti...

Transient cerebral ischemia (TCI) occurs when blood flow to the brain is ceased or dramatically reduced. TCI causes energy depletion and oxidative stress, which leads to neuronal death and cognitive impairment. Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) acts as an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). Additionally, DCA is known to increase mitochondrial pyruvate uptake and promotes glucose oxidation...