In this work, biosurfactant production by Bacillus subtilis #573 was evaluated using corn steep liquor (CSL) as culture medium. The best results were obtained in a culture medium consisting of 10% (v/v) of CSL, with a biosurfactant production of about 1.3 g/l. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing biosurfactant production by B. subtilis using CSL as culture medium. S...

Over the last two decades many techniques have been developed to specify and evaluate Markovian dependability models. Most often, these Markovian models are automatically derived from stochastic Petri nets, stochastic process algebras, or stochastic activity networks. However, whereas the model specification has become very comfortable, the specification of the dependability measures of interes...

Markov-reward models, as extensions of continuous-time Markov chains, have received increased attention for the specification and evaluation of performance and dependability properties of systems. Until now, however, the specification of reward-based performance and dependability measures has been done manually and informally. In this paper, we change this undesirable situation by the introduct...

The verification of continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs) against continuous stochastic logic (CSL) [3, 6], a stochastic branchingtime temporal logic, is considered. CSL facilitates among others the specification of steady-state properties and the specification of probabilistic timing properties of the form P⊲⊳p(Φ1 U I Φ2), for state formulas Φ1 and Φ2, comparison operator ⊲⊳, probability p, an...

CSL is a stochastic temporal logic that has been defined for continuous time Markov chains, and that allows the checking of whether a single state, or a set of states, satisfies a given probabilistic condition defined over states or over a path of states. In this paper we consider the problem of CSL model checking in the context of Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets. We present a translation fro...

Let ~ H and ~ K be finite composition series of a group G. The intersections Hi ∩ Kj of their members form a lattice CSL( ~ H, ~ K) under set inclusion. Improving the Jordan-Hölder theorem, G. Grätzer, J.B. Nation and the present authors have recently shown that ~ H and ~ K determine a unique permutation π such that, for all i, the i-th factor of ~ H is “down-and-up projective” to the π(i)-th f...

The effects of cholesterol on the dynamics and the structural properties of two different spin probes, the sterol type CSL and the phospholipid type 16-PC, in POPC/cholesterol oriented multilayer model membranes were examined. Our results are consistent with a nonideal solution containing cholesterol-rich clusters created by the self association of cholesterol in POPC model membranes. The later...

Using an antiserum produced against a purified calsequestrin-like (CSL) protein from a microsomal fraction of sea urchin eggs, we performed light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical localizations on sea urchin eggs and embryos in the first cell cycle. The sea urchin CSL protein has been found to bind Ca++ similarly to calsequestrin, the well-characterized Ca++ storage protein in the sar...

In over 4 decades of experience with computer-supported learning (CSL), applications have progressed from rote training with primitive computer work stations, to today’s web-based applications for support of online learning communities (OLCs). It is assumed here that the growing focus of CSL applications on OLCs to support collaborative group learning has an inexorable momentum that parallels t...

In Crenarchaea, several tRNA genes are predicted to express precursor-tRNAs (pre-tRNAs) with canonical or non-canonical introns at various positions. We initially focused on the tRNA(Thr) species of hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon, Aeropyrum pernix (APE) and found that in the living APE cells three tRNA(Thr) species were transcribed and subsequently matured to functional tRNAs. During maturation...