Najjar and Holt (1, 2) have demonstrated that their fluorescent urinary pigments, F1 and F2, are related to nicotinic acid metabolism in such a way that their estimation in urine is of diagnostic use in human pellagra (1) and in canine black tongue (1, 2). As nicotinic acid deficiency progresses, the daily excretion of F1, starting from a low level, slowly rises and then falls again; and the da...

Epidemiological studies have shown an association between low birthweight and adult disease development with transmission to subsequent generations. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of intrauterine growth restriction in rats, induced by uteroplacental insufficiency, on cardiac structure, number, size, nuclearity, and adult blood pressure in first (F1) and second (F2) gener...

Background. Oxidative stress is increasingly important in health research. Therefore, it is necessary to understand which factors determine basal oxidative stress. This study examines the associations of various determinants with markers of oxidative DNA and lipid damage: 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and F2-isoprostanes. Methods. Data are from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anx...

Many products of lipid oxidation have been associated with human diseases. These include F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid products (HETEs), and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs). Here we present measurements of F2-IsoPs, HETEs, COPs, and arachidonate in single plasma samples of patients with acute (dengue fever and ischemic stroke) and chronic (Parkinson's) diseases,...

We follow the rules: D is a non empty set, f1, f2 are finite sequences of elements of D, and i, n, n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6 are natural numbers. We now state two propositions: (1) If n ¬ len f1, then (f1 a f2)⇂n = ((f1)⇂n) a f2. (2) (f1 a f2)↾(len f1 + i) = f1 a (f2↾i). A Gene-Set is a non-empty non empty finite sequence. Let S be a Gene-Set. We introduce GA− SpaceS as a synonym of UnionS. Let f ...

The aim of this study was to investigate antifungal activity of a range of different molecular weight (MW) chitosan against Penicillium italicum. Our results demonstrate that the antifungal activity was dependent both the MW and concentration of the chitosan. Among a series of chitosan derived from the hydrolysis of high MW chitosan, the fractions containing various sizes of chitosan ranging fr...

Expression of the viral virulence protein PB1-F2 during infection has been linked to NLRP3 inflammasome complex activation in macrophages and induction of early inflammatory events enhancing immunopathology during influenza disease. We sought to determine whether PB1-F2-specific NLRP3 inflammasome activation influenced the magnitude and/or robustness of the CD8(+) T-cell responses specific for ...

This study reports on the acoustic properties of the front vowel /i/ and the fronted back vowel /u/ in Standard Southern British English (SSBE). These two vowels are realized with very similar (and for some tokens overlapping) values of F2, so that F2 does not seem to be a reliable acoustic cue for the distinction between the two vowels. To test further possible cues to the English front-back c...

Let K be a finite extension of F2. We compute the invariants of the quadratic form Q(x) = trK/F2(x(x 2a + x2 b )) and so determine the number of zeros in K. This is applied to finding the cross-correlation of certain binary sequences. Set F = F2 and K = F2k . Let

Influenza A virus PB1-F2, encoding a multi-functional protein, is regarded as a virulent gene. Variation in expression pattern and protein stability among PB1-F2 proteins derived from different strains may explain why PB1-F2 functions in a strain- and cell type-specific manner. Because the protein stability of PB1-F2 affects its biological functions, we looked for sequences important for this p...